Developing of two instruments to measure attitudes of Vietnamese parents and students toward schooling.

The attitudes of parents and students towards schooling are often considered to be important factors associated with students' educational outcomes. This article presents the process of constructing and calibrating two scales to measure the attitudes of students and parents in Vietnam, and then linking these two scales to compare the two groups. A set of items that covered both development and opportunity aspects of education was designed. After the items were trialled, a final version of 13 items was compiled. The two scales yielded scores that were shown to have logical, face, content and construct validity.