European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Int J Parasitol. 2013 Nov;43(12-13):983-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.05.010. Epub 2013 Jun 28.
Contrary to our understanding of just a few decades ago, the genus Trichinella now consists of a complex assemblage of no less than nine different species and three additional genotypes whose taxonomic status remains in flux. New data and methodologies have allowed advancements in detection and differentiation at the population level which in turn have demonstrably advanced epidemiological, immunological and genetic investigations. In like manner, molecular and genetic studies have permitted us to hypothesise biohistorical events leading to the worldwide dissemination of this genus, and to begin crystalising the evolution of Trichinella on a macro scale. The identification of species in countries and continents otherwise considered Trichinella-free has raised questions regarding host adaptation and associations, and advanced important findings on the biogeographical histories of its members. Using past reviews as a backdrop, we have ventured to present an up-to-date assessment of the taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships and epidemiology of the genus Trichinella with additional insights on host species, survival strategies in nature and the shortcomings of our current understanding of the epidemiology of the genus. In addition, we have begun compiling information available to date on genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and population studies of consequence in the hope we can build on this in years to come.
与我们几十年前的理解相反，旋毛虫属现在由不少于九个不同的种和三个额外的基因型组成，其分类地位仍在不断变化。新的数据和方法允许在种群水平上进行检测和区分的进展，这反过来又明显推进了流行病学、免疫学和遗传学研究。同样，分子和遗传研究使我们能够假设导致该属在全球传播的生物历史事件，并开始在宏观尺度上对旋毛虫的进化进行结晶。在以前被认为没有旋毛虫的国家和大陆中鉴定出的物种，引起了对宿主适应和关联的质疑，并对其成员的生物地理历史提出了重要的发现。利用过去的综述作为背景，我们冒险对旋毛虫属的分类学、系统发育关系和流行病学进行了最新评估，并对宿主物种、自然界中的生存策略以及我们目前对该属流行病学理解的不足有了更深入的了解。此外，我们已经开始整理迄今为止关于基因组学、蛋白质组学、转录组学和具有重要意义的种群研究的信息，希望我们能够在未来几年内在此基础上有所发展。
