Zamma Koichiro
Great Ape Research Institute, Hayashibara, 952-2 Nu, Tamano, Okayama, 706-0316, Japan,
Primates. 2014 Jan;55(1):51-7. doi: 10.1007/s10329-013-0367-1. Epub 2013 Jul 2.
I examined the possible cause of night awakening among wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Chimpanzee vocalizations and activity-related sounds (CVSs) were used to indicate awakening because I was unable to visually observe them. Over a 5-night observation period, CVSs (n = 128) were heard every night, and most (n = 91) were observed within 5 min of previous CVSs. Chimpanzees use CVSs as social communication to maintain spatial contact with other chimpanzees who occasionally travel at night. The first sound in a sequence of CVSs (CVS bout) was heard immediately following the vocalization or sound of another animal (n = 11), defecation or urination by a chimpanzee (n = 7), or unknown (n = 19). CVS bouts were longer when preceded by defecation or urination than when preceded by the vocalization or sound of other animals or an unknown factor. This suggests that the degree of wakefulness varies according to the possible cause of the disturbance. CVSs at night may be provoked by various factors, and awakening during the night is probably common among diurnal primates.
我研究了坦桑尼亚马哈尔山国家公园野生黑猩猩（黑猩猩属）夜间醒来的可能原因。由于我无法进行视觉观察，因此使用黑猩猩的叫声和与活动相关的声音（CVSs）来表明其醒来情况。在为期5个晚上的观察期内，每晚都能听到CVSs（n = 128），并且大多数（n = 91）是在前一次CVSs的5分钟内观察到的。黑猩猩利用CVSs进行社交沟通，以与其他偶尔在夜间活动的黑猩猩保持空间联系。在另一只动物发出叫声或声音（n = 11）、黑猩猩排便或排尿（n = 7）或原因不明（n = 19）之后，紧接着就会听到一连串CVSs（CVS回合）中的第一个声音。在排便或排尿之后出现的CVS回合比在其他动物发出叫声或声音或不明因素之后出现的CVS回合持续时间更长。这表明清醒程度会根据干扰的可能原因而有所不同。夜间的CVSs可能由各种因素引发，并且夜间醒来在昼行性灵长类动物中可能很常见。
