解释认知能力在发展过程中遗传性增加的原因：纵向双胞胎和领养研究的荟萃分析。
Explaining the increasing heritability of cognitive ability across development: a meta-analysis of longitudinal twin and adoption studies.
机构信息
Department of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin.
出版信息
Psychol Sci. 2013 Sep;24(9):1704-13. doi: 10.1177/0956797613478618. Epub 2013 Jul 1.
Abstract
Genes account for increasing proportions of variation in cognitive ability across development, but the mechanisms underlying these increases remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of longitudinal behavioral genetic studies spanning infancy to adolescence. We identified relevant data from 16 articles with 11 unique samples containing a total of 11,500 twin and sibling pairs who were all reared together and measured at least twice between the ages of 6 months and 18 years. Longitudinal behavioral genetic models were used to estimate the extent to which early genetic influences on cognition were amplified over time and the extent to which innovative genetic influences arose with time. Results indicated that in early childhood, innovative genetic influences predominate but that innovation quickly diminishes, and amplified influences account for increasing heritability following age 8 years.
摘要
基因在认知能力的发展过程中所占的比例越来越大，但这些增加的背后机制仍不清楚。我们对从婴儿期到青春期的纵向行为遗传学研究进行了荟萃分析。我们从 16 篇文章中确定了相关数据，这些文章包含 11 个独特的样本，共有 11500 对双胞胎和兄弟姐妹，他们都在 6 个月到 18 岁之间至少接受了两次测量。我们使用纵向行为遗传学模型来估计认知的早期遗传影响随时间扩大的程度，以及随时间产生的创新遗传影响的程度。结果表明，在儿童早期，创新的遗传影响占主导地位，但随着时间的推移，这种影响迅速减弱，而在 8 岁之后，放大的影响解释了遗传力的增加。
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