Mahajan Harshal P, Dicianno Brad E, Cooper Rory A, Ding Dan
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, USA.
J Spinal Cord Med. 2013 Jul;36(4):322-32. doi: 10.1179/2045772313Y.0000000130.
To develop a virtual reality (VR)-based simulator that can assist clinicians in performing standardized wheelchair driving assessments.
A completely within-subjects repeated measures design.
Participants drove their wheelchairs along a virtual driving circuit modeled after the Power Mobility Road Test (PMRT) and in a hallway with decreasing width. The virtual simulator was displayed on computer screen and VR screens and participants interacted with it using a set of instrumented rollers and a wheelchair joystick. Driving performances of participants were estimated and compared using quantitative metrics from the simulator. Qualitative ratings from two experienced clinicians were used to estimate intra- and inter-rater reliability.
Ten regular wheelchair users (seven men, three women; mean age ± SD, 39.5 ± 15.39 years) participated. The virtual PMRT scores from the two clinicians show high inter-rater reliability (78-90%) and high intra-rater reliability (71-90%) for all test conditions. More research is required to explore user preferences and effectiveness of the two control methods (rollers and mathematical model) and the display screens.
The virtual driving simulator seems to be a promising tool for wheelchair driving assessment that clinicians can use to supplement their real-world evaluations.
开发一种基于虚拟现实（VR）的模拟器，以协助临床医生进行标准化的轮椅驾驶评估。
完全的受试者内重复测量设计。
参与者在模拟动力移动道路测试（PMRT）的虚拟驾驶路线以及宽度逐渐减小的走廊中驾驶轮椅。虚拟模拟器显示在电脑屏幕和VR屏幕上，参与者使用一套仪器化滚轮和轮椅操纵杆与之交互。使用来自模拟器的定量指标估计并比较参与者的驾驶表现。两位经验丰富的临床医生的定性评分用于估计评分者内和评分者间的可靠性。
十名普通轮椅使用者（七名男性，三名女性；平均年龄±标准差，39.5±15.39岁）参与。两位临床医生的虚拟PMRT评分在所有测试条件下均显示出较高的评分者间可靠性（78 - 90%）和评分者内可靠性（71 - 90%）。需要更多研究来探索两种控制方法（滚轮和数学模型）以及显示屏的用户偏好和有效性。
虚拟驾驶模拟器似乎是一种很有前景的轮椅驾驶评估工具，临床医生可用于补充其在现实世界中的评估。
