Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.
District Public Health Authority, Berlin, Germany.
Epidemiol Infect. 2014 Apr;142(4):789-96. doi: 10.1017/S0950268813001398. Epub 2013 Jul 3.
Between April and July 2011 there was an outbreak of measles virus, genotype D4, in Berlin, Germany. We identified 73 case-patients from the community and among students of an anthroposophic school, who participated in a 4-day school trip, as well as their family and friends. Overall, 27% were aged ≥ 20 years, 57% were female and 15% were hospitalized. Of 39 community case-patients, 38% were aged ≥ 20 years, 67% were female and 63% required hospitalization. Unvaccinated students returning from the school trip were excluded from school, limiting transmission. Within the group of 55 school-trip participants, including 20 measles case-patients, a measles vaccine effectiveness of 97.1% (95% confidence interval 83.4-100) for two doses was estimated using exact Poisson regression. Our findings support school exclusions and the recommendation of one-dose catch-up vaccination for everyone born after 1970 with incomplete or unknown vaccination status, in addition to the two-dose routine childhood immunization recommendation.
2011 年 4 月至 7 月期间，德国柏林暴发了基因型为 D4 的麻疹病毒疫情。我们从社区和参加为期 4 天学校旅行的一所人智学学校的学生中确定了 73 例病例，以及他们的家人和朋友。总体而言，27%的患者年龄≥20 岁，57%为女性，15%住院。在 39 名社区病例中，38%的患者年龄≥20 岁，67%为女性，63%需要住院。从学校旅行中返回的未接种疫苗的学生被排除在学校之外，从而限制了传播。在包括 20 名麻疹病例在内的 55 名学校旅行参与者中，使用精确泊松回归估计了两剂麻疹疫苗的有效性为 97.1%（95%置信区间 83.4-100）。我们的研究结果支持学校隔离以及建议对 1970 年后出生且疫苗接种情况不完全或未知的所有人进行一剂补种，这是对两剂常规儿童免疫接种建议的补充。
