Sustainable Food Production, The Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology, Box 5401, 40229, Göteborg, Sweden,
Environ Manage. 2013 Nov;52(5):1239-48. doi: 10.1007/s00267-013-0096-7. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
Overexploitation of fish stocks causes concern not only to fisheries managers and conservation biologists, but also engages seafood consumers; more integrated product perspectives would be useful. This could be provided by life cycle assessment (LCA); however, further complements of present LCA methodology are needed to assess seafood production, one being by-catch impacts. We studied the scientific rationale behind using the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ for assessment of impacts relating to fish species' vulnerability. For this purpose, the current Red List status of marine fish in Sweden was compared to the advice given in fisheries as well as key life history traits known to indicate sensitivity to high fishing pressure. Further, we quantified the amount of threatened fish (vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered) that was discarded in demersal trawl fisheries on the Swedish west coast. The results showed that not only did the national Red List of marine fish have a high consistency with advice given in fisheries and indices of vulnerability, the different fishing practices studied were also found to have vastly different amounts of threatened fish discarded per kilo landing. The suggested approach is therefore promising as a carrier of aggregated information on the extent to which seafood production interferes with conservation priorities, in particular for species lacking adequate stock assessment. To enable extensive product comparisons, it is important to increase coverage of fish species by the global IUCN Red List, and to reconsider the appropriate assessment unit (species or stocks) in order to avoid false alarms.
过度捕捞鱼类资源不仅引起渔业管理者和保护生物学家的关注，也引起海鲜消费者的关注；更综合的产品视角将是有用的。这可以通过生命周期评估（LCA）来提供；然而，需要进一步补充目前的 LCA 方法来评估海鲜生产，其中之一是副渔获物影响。我们研究了使用 IUCN 濒危物种红色名录™评估与鱼类物种脆弱性相关的影响的科学依据。为此，我们将瑞典海洋鱼类的当前红色名录状态与渔业建议以及已知指示对高捕捞压力敏感的关键生活史特征进行了比较。此外，我们量化了在瑞典西海岸底层拖网渔业中丢弃的受威胁鱼类（脆弱、濒危或极危）的数量。结果表明，不仅国家海洋鱼类红色名录与渔业建议和脆弱性指数高度一致，而且研究的不同捕捞方式也发现，每公斤上岸的受威胁鱼类丢弃量差异很大。因此，这种方法有望成为一种载体，用于汇总有关海鲜生产干扰保护优先事项的程度的信息，特别是对于缺乏适当库存评估的物种。为了能够进行广泛的产品比较，重要的是要增加全球 IUCN 红色名录对鱼类物种的覆盖范围，并重新考虑适当的评估单位（物种或种群），以避免误报。
