Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, A8-148, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA,
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2013 Dec;16(4):376-93. doi: 10.1007/s10567-013-0145-z.
The deployment of US military personnel to recent conflicts has been a significant stressor for their families; yet, we know relatively little about the long-term family effects of these deployments. Using data from prior military service eras, we review our current understanding of the long-term functioning and needs of military families. These data suggest that overseas deployment, exposure to combat, experiencing or participating in violence during war deployment, service member injury or disability, and combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) all have profound impacts on the functioning of military families. We offer several recommendations to address these impacts such as the provision of family-centered, trauma-informed resources to families of veterans with PTSD and veterans who experienced high levels of combat and war violence. Recent efforts to address the needs of caregivers of veterans should be evaluated and expanded, as necessary. We should also help military families plan for predictable life events likely to challenge their resilience and coping capacities. Future research should focus on the following: factors that mediate the relationship between PTSD, war atrocities, caregiver burden, and family dysfunction; effective family-centered interventions that can be scaled-up to meet the needs of a dispersed population; and system-level innovations necessary to ensure adequate access to these interventions.
美军人员被部署到最近的冲突地区，这对他们的家人来说是一个巨大的压力源；然而，我们对这些部署对家庭的长期影响知之甚少。我们利用来自之前军事服务时代的数据，回顾了我们目前对军人家庭长期功能和需求的理解。这些数据表明，海外部署、接触战斗、在战争部署中经历或参与暴力、军人受伤或残疾以及与战斗相关的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）都对军人家庭的功能产生了深远的影响。我们提出了一些建议来解决这些问题，例如为患有 PTSD 的退役军人及其经历过高水平战斗和战争暴力的退役军人及其家属提供以家庭为中心、具有创伤意识的资源。最近为满足退役军人照顾者的需求而做出的努力应根据需要进行评估和扩大。我们还应该帮助军人家庭规划可能挑战他们适应能力和应对能力的可预测生活事件。未来的研究应侧重于以下方面：调解 PTSD、战争暴行、照顾者负担和家庭功能障碍之间关系的因素；可以扩大规模以满足分散人群需求的有效的以家庭为中心的干预措施；以及确保充分获得这些干预措施所需的系统创新。
