Batalla A, Crippa J A, Busatto G F, Guimaraes F S, Zuardi A W, Valverde O, Atakan Z, McGuire P K, Bhattacharyya S, Martín-Santos R
Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM; and Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(13):2168-85. doi: 10.2174/13816128113199990432.
In recent years, growing concerns about the effects of cannabis use on mental health have renewed interest in cannabis research. In particular, there has been a marked increase in the number of neuroimaging studies of the effects of cannabinoids. We conducted a systematic review to assess the impact of acute cannabis exposure on brain function in humans and in experimental animals.
Papers published until June 2012 were included from EMBASE, Medline, PubMed and LILACS databases following a comprehensive search strategy and pre-determined set of criteria for article selection. Only pharmacological challenge studies involving the acute experimental administration of cannabinoids in occasional or naïve cannabis users, and naïve animals were considered.
Two hundred and twenty-four studies were identified, of which 45 met our inclusion criteria. Twenty-four studies were in humans and 21 in animals. Most comprised studies of the acute effects of cannabinoids on brain functioning in the context of either resting state activity or activation during cognitive paradigms. In general, THC and CBD had opposite neurophysiological effects. There were also a smaller number of neurochemical imaging studies: overall, these did not support a central role for increased dopaminergic activity in THC-induced psychosis. There was a considerable degree of methodological heterogeneity in the imaging literature reviewed.
Functional neuroimaging studies have provided extensive evidence for the acute modulation of brain function by cannabinoids, but further studies are needed in order to understand the neural mechanisms underlying these effects. Future studies should also consider the need for more standardised methodology and the replication of findings.
近年来，对大麻使用对心理健康影响的日益关注重新激发了对大麻研究的兴趣。特别是，关于大麻素影响的神经影像学研究数量显著增加。我们进行了一项系统综述，以评估急性大麻暴露对人类和实验动物脑功能的影响。
按照全面的检索策略和预先确定的文章选择标准，从EMBASE、Medline、PubMed和LILACS数据库中纳入截至2012年6月发表的论文。仅考虑涉及在偶尔使用或初次使用大麻的使用者以及初次使用大麻的动物中急性实验性给予大麻素的药理学激发研究。
共识别出224项研究，其中45项符合我们的纳入标准。24项研究涉及人类，21项涉及动物。大多数研究包括在静息状态活动或认知范式激活背景下大麻素对脑功能急性影响的研究。一般来说，四氢大麻酚（THC）和大麻二酚（CBD）具有相反的神经生理作用。神经化学成像研究数量也较少：总体而言，这些研究不支持多巴胺能活性增加在THC诱发精神病中起核心作用。在所审查的成像文献中存在相当程度的方法学异质性。
功能神经影像学研究为大麻素对脑功能的急性调节提供了广泛证据，但为了理解这些影响背后的神经机制，还需要进一步研究。未来的研究还应考虑对更标准化方法的需求以及研究结果的重复性。
