Estonian Environmental Research Institute (under Estonian Environmental Research Centre), Tallinn, Estonia.
Chemosphere. 2013 Sep;93(1):196-200. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.036. Epub 2013 Jul 2.
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims to regulate the management of European surface water bodies. Directive 2008/105/EC, which establishes the environmental quality standards of priority substances and certain other pollutants, the content of which in the surface water should be monitored, has been transposed by the Estonian Ministry of Environment 9 September 2010 Regulation No. 49. Sampled hazardous substances were selected primarily based on their toxicity, as well as their lifetime in environment and ability to accumulate in living organisms (bioaccumulation). The contents of hazardous substances and their groups determined from Estonian surface waters remained below the limits of quantifications of used analysis methods in most cases. However, the content of some heavy metals, mono- and dibasic phenols in the surface water/waste water and sewage sludge/bottom sediments can still reach the delicate levels in the Estonian oil shale region in particular. Among new substances analysed in Estonia historically first time in 2010, amounts of organotin compounds in sediments and some alkylphenols, their ethoxylates and phthalates were found in various sample matrices.
《水框架指令》（WFD）旨在规范欧洲地表水的管理。2008 年 10 月 5 日指令规定了优先物质和某些其他污染物的环境质量标准，这些物质在地表水的含量应进行监测，该指令已于 2010 年 9 月 9 日由爱沙尼亚环境部第 49 号条例转化。选择危险物质样本主要基于其毒性，以及它们在环境中的持久性和在生物体中积累的能力（生物积累）。在大多数情况下，从爱沙尼亚地表水确定的危险物质及其组的含量仍低于所用分析方法的定量限。然而，特别是在爱沙尼亚油页岩地区，一些重金属、单元和二元酚在地表水/废水、污水污泥/底泥中的含量仍可能达到敏感水平。在 2010 年爱沙尼亚首次分析的新物质中，在各种样本基质中都发现了沉积物中的有机锡化合物和一些烷基酚、其乙氧基化物和邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。
