Pharmaxis Inc, Philadelphia, PA 19341, USA.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2013 Aug;33(3):409-21, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2013.02.009. Epub 2013 Mar 27.
A higher prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway remodeling, and asthma has been identified among athletes who compete and train in environmental conditions of cold dry air and/or high air pollution. Repeated long-duration exposure to cold/dry air at high minute ventilation rates can cause airway damage. Competition or training at venues close to busy roadways, or in indoor ice arenas or chlorinated swimming pools, harbors a risk for acute and chronic airway disorders from high pollutant exposure. This article discusses the effects of these harsh environments on the airways, and summarizes potential mechanisms and prevalence of airway disorders in elite athletes.
在暴露于寒冷干燥的空气和/或高空气污染环境中进行比赛和训练的运动员中，已发现气道高反应性、气道重塑和哮喘的患病率更高。在高分钟通气率下反复长时间暴露于寒冷/干燥空气中会导致气道损伤。在靠近繁忙道路的场馆进行比赛或训练，或在室内冰场或氯游泳池中，由于高污染物暴露，存在急性和慢性气道疾病的风险。本文讨论了这些恶劣环境对气道的影响，并总结了精英运动员中气道疾病的潜在机制和患病率。
