Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Athens, University Campus, Building PHYS-5, 157 84 Athens, Greece; Environmental Research Laboratory/INT-RP, National Centre for Scientific Research "DEMOKRITOS", Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, P.O.B. 60228, 153 10 Athens, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2013 Oct 1;463-464:508-24. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.076. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the aerosols' (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1) spatial and temporal distribution in different types of environment in a Mediterranean urban region, the Greater Athens Area based on data from a sampling campaign that took place during the cold and warm period of 2008. The influence of the atmospheric circulation patterns, the possible local transport mechanisms, as well as the differentiation of the PM behaviour from that of the inorganic pollutants (NOx, O3), are analysed and discussed. Furthermore, the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) was applied for selected sampling dates and its results were evaluated against measurements in order to interpret qualitatively the configured picture of the air pollution above the GAA. Analysis of the measurement data show that local sources such as traffic and industry dominate over the prevailing PM loads, especially at the 'hot spot' areas. Moreover, the synoptic circulation patterns associated with calm conditions and southerly flows lead to high particulate pollution levels that also affect the urban background stations. Saharan dust outbreaks appeared to increase the particles' diameter as well as the number of E.U. limit value exceedances within the stations of our network. Without any dependence on the characteristics of the investigated atmosphere, PM1 always constituted the greatest part of the PM2.5 mass while PM10, especially during the Saharan dust episodes, was mainly constituted by the coarse fraction. The numerical modelling approach of the geographical distribution of PM10, PM2.5, NOx and O3 justified the design of the sampling campaign, indicating the need for the systematic and parallel monitoring and modelling of the pollutants' dispersion in order to understand the particulate pollution problem in the GAA and to aid to the formulation of pollution control strategies.
本研究的主要目的是调查 2008 年冷暖和时期采样活动期间在一个地中海城市区域（大雅典地区）不同环境类型中气溶胶（PM10、PM2.5 和 PM1）的时空分布。分析和讨论了大气环流模式的影响、可能的本地传输机制以及 PM 与无机污染物（NOx、O3）行为的差异。此外，还应用了具有扩展功能的综合空气质量模型（CAMx）对选定的采样日期进行了模拟，并将其结果与测量值进行了比较，以便定性地解释大雅典地区上空的空气污染情况。测量数据分析表明，当地的污染源，如交通和工业，对主要污染物的浓度有显著影响，尤其是在“热点”地区。此外，与平静条件和南风气流相关的天气循环模式导致高颗粒物污染水平，这也影响了城市背景站。撒哈拉尘暴的爆发似乎增加了粒子的直径以及我们网络中各站点超出欧盟限值的次数。PM1 始终构成 PM2.5 质量的最大部分，而 PM10 特别是在撒哈拉尘暴期间主要由粗颗粒组成，而这与所研究大气的特征没有任何关系。PM10、PM2.5、NOx 和 O3 的地理分布数值模型方法验证了采样活动的设计，表明需要对污染物的扩散进行系统和并行监测和建模，以了解大雅典地区的颗粒物污染问题，并为制定污染控制策略提供帮助。
