Rearden A, Phan H, Kudo S, Fukuda M
Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
Biochem Genet. 1990 Apr;28(3-4):209-22. doi: 10.1007/BF00561338.
Analysis of nucleotide sequences of the human glycophorin A (GPA) and glycophorin B (GPB) genes has indicated that the GPA gene most closely resembles the ancestral gene, whereas the GPB gene likely arose from the GPA gene by homologous recombination. To study the evolution of the glycophorin gene family in the hominoid primates, restricted DNA on Southern blots from man, pygmy chimpanzee, common chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon was probed with cDNA fragments encoding the human GPA and GPB coding and 3'-untranslated regions. This showed the presence in all of the hominoid primates of at least one GPA-like gene. In addition, at least one GPB-like gene was detected in man, both chimpanzee species, and gorilla, strongly suggesting that the event that produced the GPB gene occurred in the common ancestor of man-chimpanzee-gorilla. An unexpected finding in this study was the conservation of EcoRI restriction sites relative to those of the other four enzymes used; the significance of this observation is unclear, but raises the question of nonrandomness of EcoRI restriction sites in noncoding regions. Further analysis of the evolution of this multigene family, including nucleotide sequence analysis, will be useful in clarification of the evolutionary relationships of the hominoid primates, in correlation with the structure and function of the glycophorin molecules, and in assessment of the role of evolution in the autogenicity of glycophorin determinants.
对人类血型糖蛋白A（GPA）和血型糖蛋白B（GPB）基因的核苷酸序列分析表明，GPA基因与祖先基因最为相似，而GPB基因可能是通过同源重组从GPA基因产生的。为了研究类人猿灵长类动物中血型糖蛋白基因家族的进化，用人、侏儒黑猩猩、普通黑猩猩、大猩猩、猩猩和长臂猿的Southern印迹上的限制性DNA，用编码人类GPA和GPB编码区及3'非翻译区的cDNA片段进行杂交。这表明在所有类人猿灵长类动物中都存在至少一个GPA样基因。此外，在人、两种黑猩猩和大猩猩中都检测到了至少一个GPB样基因，这强烈表明产生GPB基因的事件发生在人类 - 黑猩猩 - 大猩猩的共同祖先中。这项研究中的一个意外发现是相对于所用的其他四种酶，EcoRI限制性位点的保守性；这一观察结果的意义尚不清楚，但提出了非编码区中EcoRI限制性位点非随机性的问题。对这个多基因家族进化的进一步分析，包括核苷酸序列分析，将有助于阐明类人猿灵长类动物的进化关系，与血型糖蛋白分子的结构和功能相关，并评估进化在血型糖蛋白决定簇自身抗原性中的作用。
