Schumaker B
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1174 Snowy Range Road, Laramie, WY, 82070, United States of America.
Rev Sci Tech. 2013 Apr;32(1):71-7. doi: 10.20506/rst.32.1.2185.
Recurrent spillover of Brucella abortus from wildlife reservoirs to domestic cattle in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) has prevented the United States from completely eradicating bovine brucellosis. Risks to cattle are a function of the size and location of wildlife and livestock populations, the degree and nature of spatio-temporal interactions between the various hosts, the level of disease in wildlife, and the susceptibility of livestock herds. While the brucellosis prevalence in wild, free-ranging GYA bison (Bison bison) is high, current management actions have successfully limited contact between bison and cattle. Under current management practices, the risks to cattle in the GYA are predominantly from wild elk (Cervus elaphus). Intra- and inter-species transmission events, while uncommon, are nevertheless crucial for the maintenance of brucellosis in the GYA. Future management actions should focus on decreasing elk herd densities and group sizes and on understanding the behavioural and environmental drivers that result in co-mingling that makes transmission possible.
黄石大地区（GYA）野生动物宿主中的牛布鲁氏菌反复溢出到家养牛群中，这使得美国无法彻底根除牛布鲁氏菌病。牛群面临的风险取决于野生动物和家畜种群的规模与位置、不同宿主之间时空相互作用的程度和性质、野生动物中的疾病水平以及畜群的易感性。虽然GYA野生自由放养的野牛（美洲野牛）中布鲁氏菌病的流行率很高，但目前的管理措施已成功限制了野牛与牛之间的接触。在当前管理实践下，GYA地区牛群面临的风险主要来自野生麋鹿（马鹿）。种内和种间传播事件虽然不常见，但对于GYA地区布鲁氏菌病的维持至关重要。未来的管理措施应侧重于降低麋鹿种群密度和群体规模，并了解导致混群从而使传播成为可能的行为和环境驱动因素。
