Wright Michael J, Gobet Fernand, Chassy Philippe, Ramchandani Payal Nanik
Centre for Cognition and Neuroimaging, Department of Psychology, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK.
Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Psychophysiology. 2013 Oct;50(10):1023-33. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12084. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
ERP experiments were conducted to analyze the underlying neural events when chess players make simple judgments of a board position. Fourteen expert players and 14 age-matched novices viewed, for each of four tasks, 128 unique positions on a mini (4 × 4) chess board each presented for 0.5 s. The tasks were to respond: (a) if white king was in check, (b) if black knight was present, (c) if white king was not in check, and (d) if no black knight was present. Experts showed an enhanced N2 with check targets and a larger P3 with knight targets, relative to novices. Expert-novice differences in posterior N2 began as early as 240 ms on check-related searches. Results were consistent with the view that prolonged N2 components reflect matching of current perceptual input to memory, and thus are sensitive to experts' superior pattern recognition and memory retrieval of chunks.
进行了事件相关电位（ERP）实验，以分析国际象棋棋手对棋盘位置做出简单判断时潜在的神经活动。14名专业棋手和14名年龄匹配的新手针对四项任务中的每一项，观察一个小型（4×4）棋盘上的128个独特位置，每个位置呈现0.5秒。这些任务是做出如下反应：（a）白王是否被将军，（b）是否有黑骑士，（c）白王是否未被将军，以及（d）是否没有黑骑士。与新手相比，专家在面对将军目标时N2波增强，面对骑士目标时P3波更大。在与将军相关的搜索中，专家和新手在后部N2上的差异最早在240毫秒时就出现了。结果与以下观点一致，即延长的N2成分反映了当前感知输入与记忆的匹配，因此对专家卓越的模式识别和组块记忆检索很敏感。
