Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email:
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2013;29:271-97. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122311. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
Axon regeneration after damage is widespread in the animal kingdom, and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has recently emerged as a tractable model in which to study the genetics and cell biology of axon regrowth in vivo. A key early step in axon regrowth is the conversion of part of a mature axon shaft into a growth cone-like structure, involving coordinated alterations in the microtubule, actin, and neurofilament systems. Recent attention has focused on microtubule dynamics as a determinant of axon-regrowth ability in several organisms. Live imaging studies have begun to reveal how the microtubule cytoskeleton is remodeled after axon injury, as well as the regulatory pathways involved. The dual leucine zipper kinase family of mixed-lineage kinases has emerged as a critical sensor of axon damage and plays a key role in regulating microtubule dynamics in the damaged axon.
轴突损伤后的再生在动物界中非常普遍，秀丽隐杆线虫最近成为一种可用于研究体内轴突再生的遗传学和细胞生物学的可行模型。轴突再生的一个关键早期步骤是将成熟轴突的一部分转化为生长锥样结构，涉及微管、肌动蛋白和神经丝系统的协调改变。最近，人们关注的焦点是微管动力学作为几种生物体轴突再生能力的决定因素。活体成像研究开始揭示轴突损伤后微管细胞骨架如何重塑，以及涉及的调节途径。双亮氨酸拉链激酶家族的混合谱系激酶已成为轴突损伤的关键传感器，并在调节损伤轴突中的微管动力学方面发挥关键作用。
