Polakoff S
Hepatitis Epidemiology Unit, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, U.K.
J Infect. 1990 Jul;21(1):111-7. doi: 10.1016/0163-4453(90)90853-z.
Clinical hepatitis, diagnosed as being caused by virus type A by tests for specific immunoglobulin M, has been reported from laboratories in England, Wales and Ireland since 1980. There were 25541 reports in the following 9 years, a yearly average of 2838. A 7-year cycle is suggested by peaks in the numbers of reports of 4502 in 1982 and 4167 in 1988 with a continuing rise in 1989. Contact with other cases of acute hepatitis was recorded for 3899 patients (15%) of which 2497 (64%) were in families, 258 (7%) were in schools, 94 (2%) were in institutions/hospitals, 197 (5%) were in the neighbourhood, while 140 (4%) were contacts at work or socially. A possible food source was recorded for 122 (3%) with shellfish being specified in 56 cases. Recent travel abroad was reported for 3692 patients (15%) of whom 3027 (82%) had visited areas of high prevalence for hepatitis A. About half of them had been to the Indian sub-continent, in strong contrast to visits abroad by the general population each year of which only 7% of the 22 million visits are to areas of high prevalence for hepatitis A. Association with the Indian sub-continent was particularly high for children.
自1980年以来,英格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰的实验室报告了经特异性免疫球蛋白M检测诊断为由A型病毒引起的临床肝炎。在随后的9年中有25541份报告,年均2838份。1982年报告数达到4502份,1988年为4167份,并在1989年持续上升,提示存在7年周期。3899名患者(15%)记录有与其他急性肝炎病例的接触史,其中2497例(64%)为家庭接触,258例(7%)为学校接触,94例(2%)为机构/医院接触,197例(5%)为邻里接触,140例(4%)为工作或社交接触。122例(3%)记录有可能的食物来源,其中56例指明为贝类。3692名患者(15%)报告近期出过国,其中3027例(82%)去过甲型肝炎高流行地区。他们中约一半人去过印度次大陆,这与每年出国旅行的普通人群形成强烈对比,在2200万次出国旅行中,只有7%前往甲型肝炎高流行地区。儿童与印度次大陆的关联尤为突出。