Guerra Marta A
Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Biologicals. 2013 Sep;41(5):295-7. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.06.010. Epub 2013 Jul 10.
Leptospirosis, caused by a spirochete of genus Leptospira, is considered the most widespread zoonosis in the world. It has a global distribution with a higher incidence in the tropics and subtropics, ranging from 10 to 100 human cases per 100,000 individuals. Leptospirosis is considered an "emerging" zoonosis due to increased contact between animals and humans and the resulting human encroachment into wildlife habitat. Climate change and its associated environmental shifts can affect the degree of transmission of leptospirosis. Surveillance for leptospirosis is important for early detection of cases because early treatment is crucial to decrease morbidity and mortality. In June 2012, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists approved reinstatement of leptospirosis as a Nationally Notifiable Condition. Reinstatement of national surveillance will facilitate the assessment of the incidence, geographic distribution, trends, and risk factors associated with human cases and the identification of outbreaks and potential new animal reservoirs.
钩端螺旋体病由钩端螺旋体属的螺旋体引起，被认为是世界上分布最广的人畜共患病。它在全球范围内均有分布，在热带和亚热带地区发病率较高，每10万人中有10至100例人类病例。由于动物与人类之间的接触增加以及由此导致的人类对野生动物栖息地的侵占，钩端螺旋体病被视为一种“新兴”人畜共患病。气候变化及其相关的环境变化会影响钩端螺旋体病的传播程度。对钩端螺旋体病进行监测对于早期发现病例很重要，因为早期治疗对于降低发病率和死亡率至关重要。2012年6月，州和地区流行病学家委员会批准将钩端螺旋体病重新列为国家法定报告疾病。恢复国家监测将有助于评估与人类病例相关的发病率、地理分布、趋势和风险因素，并识别疫情和潜在的新动物宿主。
