Mersin University, Medical Faculty, Department of Biophysics, Mersin, Turkey.
Indian J Med Res. 2013 Jun;137(6):1111-20.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Intensive regular physical exercise training is associated with a physiological changes in left ventricular (LV) morphology and functions. This cardiac remodeling observed in the athletes is associated with the specific haemodynamic requirements of the exercise undertaken. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of endurance training on cardiac morphology, systolic and diastolic LV functions and haemodynamic parameters both in male and female athletes.
Seventy nine healthy athletes (age 20.0 ± 2.6 yr; 49% male) and 82 healthy sedentary adolescent (age 20.8 ± 2.2 yr, 49% male) volunteered to participate in this study. All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiography and impedance cardiography.
Both female and male athletes had greater LV end-diastolic cavity sizes, LV mass and stroke volume (SV) values when compared with controls. Also, in male athletes, LV mass index was higher than in female athletes. While male athletes had lower resting heart rate compared to female athletes, they had higher mean arterial blood pressure. In male athletes, basal septal and mid septal strain values were higher compared to controls. There were no significant differences in strain and peak systolic strain rate values between female athletes and controls. In male athletes, there was a weak positive correlation between SV and LV mass, basal lateral and septal strain values. In female athletes, only a weak positive correlation was found between SV and basal septal strain values.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Endurance-trained male and female athletes had higher LV mass, LV cavity dimensions and SV compared to sedentary controls. Although there was no difference in diastolic cardiac functions between athletes and controls, local enhanced systolic function was found with increase of SV. Both morphologic and haemodynamic differences were more evident in male athletes.
高强度的有规律的体育锻炼训练与左心室（LV）形态和功能的生理变化有关。运动员中观察到的这种心脏重构与所进行的特定运动的血液动力学要求有关。本研究的主要目的是评估耐力训练对男性和女性运动员的心脏形态、LV 收缩和舒张功能以及血液动力学参数的影响。
79 名健康运动员（年龄 20.0±2.6 岁；49%为男性）和 82 名健康久坐不动的青少年（年龄 20.8±2.2 岁，49%为男性）自愿参加了这项研究。所有受试者均接受了经胸超声心动图和阻抗心动图检查。
与对照组相比，男性和女性运动员的 LV 舒张末期腔大小、LV 质量和每搏量（SV）值均较大。此外，男性运动员的 LV 质量指数高于女性运动员。虽然男性运动员的静息心率低于女性运动员，但他们的平均动脉血压较高。在男性运动员中，基底间隔和中间间隔应变值高于对照组。女性运动员与对照组之间的应变和收缩期峰值应变率值没有显著差异。在男性运动员中，SV 与 LV 质量、基底外侧和间隔应变值之间存在弱正相关。在女性运动员中，仅发现 SV 与基底间隔应变值之间存在弱正相关。
与久坐不动的对照组相比，耐力训练的男性和女性运动员的 LV 质量、LV 腔尺寸和 SV 更高。尽管运动员和对照组之间的舒张心功能没有差异，但随着 SV 的增加，发现局部收缩功能增强。形态和血液动力学差异在男性运动员中更为明显。
