Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2013 Oct;93(6):1139-44. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.046. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
The side-effects of pesticides on predatory mites have been investigated at various levels and international teams (e.g., the IOBC/wprs Working Group "Pesticides and beneficial organisms") have selected a few species of predatory mites occurring in Central and Northern Europe as representative for such studies. Key biocontrol species occurring in Southern Europe have received much less attention. Kampimodromus aberrans is the most important predator of herbivorous mites in South-European vineyards treated with selective pesticides. The impact of pesticides on K. aberrans populations has been studied in field conditions whereas few toxicological tests have been conducted in the laboratory because of difficulties in rearing this species. A method for rearing K. aberrans in the laboratory has recently been set up allowing toxicological studies to be conducted. In this paper, a toxicological method to assess the effects of pesticides on K. aberrans is described and the effects of insecticides frequently used in European vineyards on two K. aberrans strains are reported. These strains were collected from vineyards treated with organophosphates. Insecticides characterized by different modes of action were selected for trials. Among these, etofenprox and spinosad were classified as harmful to predatory mites. Chlorpyrifos reduced predatory mite fecundity, and was classified as moderately harmful for both strains. The toxicity of thiamethoxam and flufenoxuron varied with the strain (low to moderate). Indoxacarb and methoxyfenozide appeared to be harmless or slightly harmful. Implications of this study for adopting IPM tactics with a reduced risk for K. aberrans are discussed.
已经在多个层面上研究了杀虫剂对捕食性螨虫的副作用，国际团队（例如，IOBC/wprs 工作组“农药和有益生物”）选择了几种在中欧和北欧出现的捕食性螨虫作为此类研究的代表。在南欧发生的关键生物防治物种受到的关注要少得多。坎皮多罗姆·阿伯兰斯（Kampimodromus aberrans）是在使用选择性杀虫剂处理的南欧葡萄园中有害螨的最重要捕食者。已经在田间条件下研究了杀虫剂对坎皮多罗姆·阿伯兰斯种群的影响，而由于在实验室中饲养这种物种存在困难，因此仅进行了很少的毒理学测试。最近已经建立了一种在实验室中饲养坎皮多罗姆·阿伯兰斯的方法，从而可以进行毒理学研究。本文描述了一种评估杀虫剂对坎皮多罗姆·阿伯兰斯影响的毒理学方法，并报告了欧洲葡萄园中常用的杀虫剂对两种坎皮多罗姆·阿伯兰斯菌株的影响。这些菌株是从用有机磷处理的葡萄园中收集的。选择了具有不同作用方式的杀虫剂进行试验。其中，乙氧呋草黄和多杀菌素被归类为对捕食性螨虫有害。毒死蜱降低了捕食性螨虫的繁殖力，被归类为对两种菌株均中度有害。噻虫嗪和氟虫脲的毒性随菌株而变化（低至中度）。茚虫威和甲氧虫酰肼似乎无害或略有危害。讨论了这项研究对采用减少对坎皮多罗姆·阿伯兰斯风险的 IPM 策略的影响。
