Kuroda Satoshi, Houkin Kiyohiro
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
Front Neurol Neurosci. 2013;32:62-8. doi: 10.1159/000346414. Epub 2013 Jul 8.
There is increasing evidence that the transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) significantly promote functional recovery after central nervous system (CNS) damage in the animal models of various kinds of CNS disorders, including cerebral infarct. However, there remain several challenges before considering BMSC transplantation for patients with ischemic stroke. In this review, therefore, the authors discuss what should be clarified to establish cell transplantation therapy in the clinical setting and describe their scientific contributions in this matter. The BMSC have the ability to alter their gene expression profile and phenotype in response to the surrounding environment and to protect the neurons by producing certain neurotrophic factors. They also promote neurite extension and rebuild the neural circuits in the injured CNS. The BMSC can be expanded in vitro using the animal serum-free medium. Pharmacological modulation may accelerate the in vitro proliferation of the BMSC. Using in vivo optical imaging technique and MRI, the transplanted BMSC can noninvasively be tracked in the living animal for at least 8 weeks after transplantation. It is urgent to develop a clinical imaging technique to track the transplanted cells in the CNS and evaluate the therapeutic significance of BMSC transplantation in order to establish it as a definite therapeutic strategy in the clinical setting in the future.
越来越多的证据表明，在包括脑梗死在内的各种中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的动物模型中，移植的骨髓基质细胞（BMSC）能显著促进中枢神经系统损伤后的功能恢复。然而，在考虑对缺血性中风患者进行BMSC移植之前，仍存在几个挑战。因此，在本综述中，作者讨论了在临床环境中建立细胞移植治疗需要明确的内容，并描述了他们在这方面的科学贡献。BMSC能够根据周围环境改变其基因表达谱和表型，并通过产生某些神经营养因子来保护神经元。它们还能促进神经突延伸并重建受损中枢神经系统中的神经回路。BMSC可以使用无动物血清培养基在体外进行扩增。药物调节可能会加速BMSC的体外增殖。利用体内光学成像技术和磁共振成像（MRI），移植后的BMSC在活体动物中至少可以被无创追踪8周。迫切需要开发一种临床成像技术来追踪中枢神经系统中移植的细胞，并评估BMSC移植的治疗意义，以便在未来将其确立为临床环境中的一种明确治疗策略。
