Ejova Anastasia, Delfabbro Paul H, Navarro Daniel J
School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, North Tce., Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia,
J Gambl Stud. 2015 Mar;31(1):133-60. doi: 10.1007/s10899-013-9402-9.
Different classification systems for erroneous beliefs about gambling have been proposed, consistently alluding to 'illusion of control' and 'gambler's fallacy' categories. None of these classification systems have, however, considered the how the illusion of control and the gambler's fallacy might be interrelated. In this paper, we report the findings of a confirmatory factor analysis that examines the proposal that most erroneous gambling-related beliefs can be defined in terms of Rothbaum et al.'s (J Pers Soc Psychol, doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.5 , 1982) distinction between 'primary' and 'secondary' illusory control, with the former being driven to a large extent by the well-known gambler's fallacy and the latter being driven by a complex of beliefs about supernatural forces such as God and luck. A survey consisting of 100 items derived from existing instruments was administered to 329 participants. The analysis confirmed the existence of two latent structures (beliefs in primary and secondary control), while also offering support to the idea that gambler's fallacy-style reasoning may underlie both perceived primary control and beliefs about the cyclical nature of luck, a form of perceived secondary control. The results suggest the need for a greater focus on the role of underlying processes or belief structures as factors that foster susceptibility to specific beliefs in gambling situations. Addressing and recognising the importance of these underlying factors may also have implications for cognitive therapy treatments for problem gambling.
针对赌博错误认知，已提出了不同的分类系统，这些系统都始终提及“控制错觉”和“赌徒谬误”类别。然而，这些分类系统均未考虑控制错觉和赌徒谬误可能存在的相互关系。在本文中，我们报告了一项验证性因素分析的结果，该分析检验了以下提议：大多数与赌博相关的错误认知可以根据罗斯鲍姆等人（《人格与社会心理学杂志》，doi: 10.1037/0022 - 3514.42.1.5，1982）对“主要”和“次要”虚幻控制的区分来界定，前者在很大程度上由著名的赌徒谬误驱动，而后者由诸如上帝和运气等超自然力量的一系列信念驱动。我们对329名参与者进行了一项包含从现有量表中选取的100个条目的调查。分析证实了两种潜在结构（对主要和次要控制的信念）的存在，同时也支持了以下观点：赌徒谬误式推理可能是感知到的主要控制以及对运气周期性本质的信念（一种感知到的次要控制形式）的基础。结果表明，需要更加关注潜在过程或信念结构的作用，它们是在赌博情境中促成对特定信念易感性的因素。认识到这些潜在因素的重要性可能也会对问题赌博的认知疗法产生影响。
