University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
J Gambl Stud. 2023 Mar;39(1):75-86. doi: 10.1007/s10899-022-10133-7. Epub 2022 May 28.
The aim of the present study was to examine the dimensional structure of the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (GABS). The GABS was administered to a sample of 415 individuals with self-reported problem or pathological gambling who were taking part in two different treatment studies preregistered with the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00013888) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03372226). Exploratory factor analyses revealed a three-factor structure. We labeled the factors sensation seeking/illusion of control, luck/gambler's fallacy, and attitude/emotions. Subsequent confirmatory factor analyses proved the three-factor model superior to the one-factor model proposed by the developers of the GABS. All dimensions were significantly correlated with symptom severity scores. Group comparisons showed significantly higher factor scores on the first factor (sensation seeking/illusion of control) for individuals reporting both skill-based and chance-based gambling compared to those reporting only chance-based gambling. The present study questions the unidimensionality of the GABS. A multidimensional assessment of gambling-related cognitive biases, beliefs, and positively valued attitudes may be useful in determining treatment outcomes and goals and in the development of novel interventions.
本研究旨在检验赌博态度和信念调查（GABS）的维度结构。GABS 被施测于 415 名自我报告有问题或病态赌博的个体，他们参加了在德国临床试验注册处（DRKS00013888）和 ClinicalTrials.gov（NCT03372226）预先注册的两项不同的治疗研究。探索性因素分析显示出三因素结构。我们将这些因素标记为寻求刺激/控制错觉、运气/赌徒谬误和态度/情绪。随后的验证性因素分析证明，三因素模型优于 GABS 开发者提出的单因素模型。所有维度与症状严重程度评分显著相关。组间比较显示，报告既有基于技能的赌博又有基于机会的赌博的个体在报告第一个因素（寻求刺激/控制错觉）的因子得分明显更高，而仅报告基于机会的赌博的个体得分则较低。本研究对 GABS 的单维性提出了质疑。对与赌博相关的认知偏差、信念和正面价值态度进行多维评估，可能有助于确定治疗结果和目标，并开发新的干预措施。
