Salonen Anne H, Oommen Hanna, Kaunonen Marja
University of Tampere, Institute for Advanced Social Research (IASR), Research Collegium, Tampere, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00271, Finland.
University of Glamorgan, Faculty of Health, Sport and Science, Pontypridd, UK; SSHF, Kristiansand, Moneheia 16, 4656 Hamresanden, Norway.
Midwifery. 2014 Apr;30(4):476-85. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.05.010. Epub 2013 Jul 16.
the study aimed at evaluating primiparous or multiparous mothers' perceptions of social support from nursing professionals (SSNP) in postnatal wards and factors associated with SSNP.
a cross-sectional and correlational design was used.
data was collected in 2007-2008 in two maternity hospitals with a convenience sample of Finnish-comprehending primiparous and multiparous mothers (N=1300). Multiple-birth and early discharge mothers were excluded. The amount of SSNP including affection, affirmation and concrete aid was measured. Questionnaires were returned from 754 mothers (58%). Fisher's exact test, t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, ordinal regression and multiple regression were used in the analyses.
mothers perceived the amount of SSNP as moderate. The amount of affirmational support was perceived as the highest compared with concrete and affectional support. Multiparas received statistically significantly less concrete aid compared with primiparas. The number of mother- and infant-related factors was substantial and their association was stronger among primiparas. Depressive symptoms were a significant factor among multiparas. Advice from nursing professionals, parenting self-efficacy, mother's age and infant age explained 54.0% of the variation in SSNP for primiparas. Correspondingly, advice from nursing professionals, state of mind on hospital discharge and family functioning explained 49.3% of the variation in SSNP for multiparas.
primiparas that are vulnerable for a scarce amount of SSNP were easier to recognise on the basis of their background information, infant characteristics, childbirth-related factors, and sense of efficacy. Challenges lie in taking into account the whole family, especially among multiparas, and in developing professionals' guidance skills. Among primiparas the model of postpartum care may matter. Our results give professionals a better understanding of the resources and challenges faced by mothers in order to develop postnatal SSNP.
本研究旨在评估初产妇或经产妇对产后病房护理专业人员提供的社会支持（SSNP）的认知以及与SSNP相关的因素。
采用横断面相关性设计。
2007年至2008年期间，在两家妇产医院收集数据，选取能理解芬兰语的初产妇和经产妇作为便利样本（N = 1300）。排除多胞胎和提前出院的母亲。测量了包括情感、肯定和具体帮助在内的SSNP量。754名母亲（58%）返回了问卷。分析中使用了费舍尔精确检验、t检验、皮尔逊相关系数、有序回归和多元回归。
母亲们认为SSNP量适中。与具体支持和情感支持相比，肯定性支持量被认为最高。与初产妇相比，经产妇获得的具体帮助在统计学上显著更少。母婴相关因素的数量很多，且在初产妇中它们之间的关联更强。抑郁症状是经产妇中的一个重要因素。护理专业人员的建议、育儿自我效能感、母亲年龄和婴儿年龄解释了初产妇SSNP变异的54.0%。相应地，护理专业人员的建议、出院时的心理状态和家庭功能解释了经产妇SSNP变异的49.3%。
根据初产妇的背景信息、婴儿特征、分娩相关因素和效能感，更容易识别出那些容易获得较少SSNP的初产妇。挑战在于考虑整个家庭，尤其是经产妇家庭，并提高专业人员的指导技能。对于初产妇来说，产后护理模式可能很重要。我们的研究结果让专业人员更好地了解母亲们面临的资源和挑战，以便发展产后SSNP。
