State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2013 Dec;65:402-410. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.013. Epub 2013 Jul 18.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen, can form as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and also have their crucial roles in cell homeostasis. Of note, the major intracellular sources including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisomes and the NADPH oxidase (NOX) complex have been identified in cell membranes to produce ROS. Interestingly, autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation process in which a cell degrades long-lived proteins and damaged organelles, has recently been well-characterized to be regulated by different types of ROS. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that ROS-modulated autophagy has numerous links to a number of pathological processes, including cancer, ageing, neurodegenerative diseases, type-II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, muscular disorders, hepatic encephalopathy and immunity diseases. In this review, we focus on summarizing the molecular mechanisms of ROS-regulated autophagy and their relevance to diverse diseases, which would shed new light on more ROS modulators as potential therapeutic drugs for fighting human diseases.
活性氧（ROS）是一类含有氧的化学活性分子，可以作为氧气正常代谢的天然副产物形成，同时在细胞内稳态中也发挥着至关重要的作用。值得注意的是，细胞内的主要来源包括线粒体、内质网（ER）、过氧化物酶体和 NADPH 氧化酶（NOX）复合物，这些来源在细胞膜上产生 ROS。有趣的是，自噬是一种进化上保守的溶酶体降解过程，细胞通过该过程降解长寿命蛋白质和受损细胞器，最近已经被很好地描述为受不同类型 ROS 的调节。越来越多的证据表明，ROS 调节的自噬与许多病理过程（包括癌症、衰老、神经退行性疾病、II 型糖尿病、心血管疾病、肌肉疾病、肝性脑病和免疫性疾病）有密切联系。在这篇综述中，我们重点总结了 ROS 调节自噬的分子机制及其与各种疾病的相关性，这将为更多的 ROS 调节剂作为治疗人类疾病的潜在治疗药物提供新的思路。
