Garcia S E, Kaiser L L, Dewey K G
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis 95616.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1990 May;44(5):371-80.
Access to food and the amount consumed were investigated within a group of 45 children aged 33 to 60 months, among whom growth stunting was common. Children were observed throughout 1 day; all foods offered and consumed were weighed, and food-related behaviors noted. Children ate frequently, at least 2 meals and an average of 7.4 +/- 2.6 snacks daily. Children had access to 2029 +/- 575 kcal (8493 +/- 2407 kJ) yet only consumed 1528 +/- 343 kcal (6396 +/- 1436 kJ) daily; thus food availability was not restricting intake. A higher proportion of snacks than meals (85 per cent vs. 71 per cent) was consumed. Children requested foods frequently (x = 9.2 +/- 4.3) and 76 per cent of requests were fulfilled. Neither amount of accessible food nor amount consumed differed by age, gender, or socioeconomic status. The importance of the child's role in determining food intake, and of snacking to overall food consumption, was demonstrated.
对一组45名年龄在33至60个月的儿童的食物获取情况和摄入量进行了调查，这些儿童中发育迟缓现象较为普遍。对儿童进行了一整天的观察；称出提供的和食用的所有食物的重量，并记录与食物相关的行为。儿童进食频繁，每天至少吃两顿饭，平均吃7.4±2.6次零食。儿童可获取2029±575千卡（8493±2407千焦）的热量，但每天仅摄入1528±343千卡（6396±1436千焦）；因此食物供应并未限制摄入量。食用的零食比例高于正餐（85%对71%）。儿童频繁索要食物（x=9.2±4.3），76%的索要得到了满足。可获取食物的量和摄入量在年龄、性别或社会经济地位方面均无差异。研究证明了儿童在决定食物摄入量方面的作用以及零食对总体食物消费的重要性。
