Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2020 Jul-Sep;42(3):230-238. doi: 10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0034.
Brazil is one of the countries with the highest rates of alcohol-related traffic infractions, but little is known about the profile of the drivers who commit them. Identifying the characteristics of impaired drivers is essential for planning preventive actions.
To compare drug use and driving behavior profiles of drivers with and without alcohol-related infractions.
178 drivers stopped at routine roadblocks were assessed by traffic agents who conducted standard roadblock procedures (document verification; request of a breathalyzer test [BT]). Drug use and driving behavior data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Subjects were divided into three groups: drivers who refused the BT (RDs, n = 72), drivers who tested positive on the BT (PDs, n = 34), and drivers who had committed other infractions (ODs, n = 72).
The proportion of alcohol use in the last year was higher among RDs (100%) than in the PD and OD groups (97.1% and 72.2% respectively, p < 0.001). Lifetime prevalence of cannabis and cocaine use for the overall sample was 44.3% and 18.2%, respectively. Fewer individuals in the OD group (31.5%) reported having been stopped at roadblocks in the previous year compared to the PDs (55.9%) and RDs (48.6%, p = 0.03). However, a higher proportion of RDs reported drunk driving in the same period (87.5%; PD 69.7%; OD 26.9%; p < 0.001).
Essential differences among groups were observed. RDs had a higher proportion of alcohol use and drunk driving in the previous year; drivers who fit into this particular group may be unresponsive or less responsive to social deterrence and enforcement actions.
巴西是与酒精相关的交通违法行为发生率最高的国家之一，但对于实施这些违法行为的驾驶员的特征却知之甚少。确定受酒精影响的驾驶员的特征对于规划预防措施至关重要。
比较有和没有与酒精相关违章的驾驶员的药物使用和驾驶行为特征。
在常规路障处被拦下的 178 名驾驶员由交通代理人进行评估，代理人按照标准路障程序进行操作（文件验证；请求进行呼气酒精测试[BT]）。通过半结构化访谈收集药物使用和驾驶行为数据。受试者分为三组：拒绝 BT 的驾驶员（RDs，n = 72）、BT 检测呈阳性的驾驶员（PDs，n = 34）和有其他违章的驾驶员（ODs，n = 72）。
RDs（100%）在过去一年中饮酒的比例高于 PD 和 OD 组（分别为 97.1%和 72.2%，p < 0.001）。整体样本终生大麻和可卡因使用率分别为 44.3%和 18.2%。与 PD 组（55.9%）和 RD 组（48.6%）相比，OD 组中（31.5%）报告在过去一年中曾在路障处被拦下的个体较少（p = 0.03）。然而，RD 组报告同期酒后驾车的比例更高（87.5%；PD 组 69.7%；OD 组 26.9%；p < 0.001）。
观察到各组之间存在显著差异。RDs 在过去一年中酒精使用和酒后驾车的比例更高；属于这一特定群体的驾驶员可能对社会威慑和执法行动反应迟钝或不太敏感。
