Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
Immunobiology. 2013 Nov;218(11):1402-10. doi: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.06.003. Epub 2013 Jun 17.
The tumor microenvironment is a complex framework, in which myeloid cells play important roles in sculpting cancer development from tumor initiation to metastasis. Immune cells are key participants of the tumor microenvironment where they can promote or inhibit cancer formation and development. Plasticity is a widely accepted hallmark of myeloid cells and in particular of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. It includes the ability to display a wide spectrum of activation states in response to distinct signals and classical M1 or alternative M2 macrophages represent a paradigm of this feature. Neutrophils have long been viewed as terminally differentiated effector cells, playing a major role during the acute phase of inflammation and resistance against microbes. Recent evidence questioned this limited point of view, indicating that neutrophils can interact with distinct cell populations and produce a wide number of cytokines and effector molecules. Therefore, macrophages and neutrophils are both integrated in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses in various inflammatory situations, including cancer.
肿瘤微环境是一个复杂的框架，其中髓系细胞在塑造从肿瘤起始到转移的癌症发展过程中起着重要作用。免疫细胞是肿瘤微环境的关键参与者，它们可以促进或抑制癌症的形成和发展。可塑性是髓系细胞的一个广泛公认的标志，特别是单核细胞-巨噬细胞谱系。它包括根据不同信号显示广泛的激活状态的能力，经典的 M1 或替代性 M2 巨噬细胞代表了这一特征的范例。中性粒细胞长期以来一直被视为终末分化的效应细胞，在炎症的急性期和抵抗微生物方面发挥着主要作用。最近的证据对这一有限的观点提出了质疑，表明中性粒细胞可以与不同的细胞群相互作用并产生大量的细胞因子和效应分子。因此，巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞都整合在各种炎症情况下固有和适应性免疫反应的调节中，包括癌症。
