Mejía-Mojica Humberto, de Rodríguez-Romero Felipe Jesús, Díaz-Pardo Edmundo
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Cuernavaca, Morelos. México.
Rev Biol Trop. 2012 Jun;60(2):669-81.
The effects of invasive species on native ecosystems are varied, and these have been linked to the disappearance or decline of native fauna, changes in community structure, modification of ecosystems and as vectors of new diseases and parasites. Besides, the development of trade in species for ornamental use has contributed significantly to the import and introduction of invasive fish in some important areas for biodiversity conservation in Mexico, but the presence of these species is poorly documented. In this study we analyzed the fish community in the Biosphere Reserve Sierra de Huautla by looking at diversity changes in the last 100 years. For this, we used databases of historical records and recent collections for five sites in the Amacuzac river, along the Biosphere Reserve area. We compared the values of similarity (Jaccard index) between five times series (1898-1901, 1945-1953, 1971-1980, 1994-1995 and 2008-2009), and we obtained values of similarity (Bray-Curtis) between the five sites analyzed. In our results we recognized a total of 19 species for the area, nine non-native and ten native, three of which were eliminated for the area. Similarity values between the early days and current records were very low (.27); the major changes in the composition of the fauna occurred in the past 20 years. The values of abundance, diversity and similarity among the sampling sites, indicate the dominance of non-native species. We discuss the role of the ornamental fish trade in the region as the leading cause of invasive introduction in the ecosystem and the possible negative effects that at least four non-native species have had on native fauna and the ecosystem (Oreochromis mossambicus, Amatitlania nigrofasciata, Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus and P pardalis). There is an urgent need of programs for registration, control and eradication of invasive species in the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve and biodiversity protection areas in Mexico.
外来物种对本地生态系统的影响是多方面的，这些影响与本地动物的消失或减少、群落结构的变化、生态系统的改变以及作为新疾病和寄生虫的传播媒介有关。此外，观赏物种贸易的发展极大地促成了墨西哥一些生物多样性保护重要地区外来鱼类的进口和引入，但这些物种的存在情况记录甚少。在本研究中，我们通过观察过去100年的多样性变化，分析了瓦特拉山脉生物圈保护区的鱼类群落。为此，我们使用了沿着生物圈保护区的阿马库萨克河五个地点的历史记录和近期采集的数据库。我们比较了五个时间序列（1898 - 1901年、1945 - 1953年、1971 - 1980年、1994 - 1995年和2008 - 2009年）之间的相似性值（杰卡德指数），并获得了所分析的五个地点之间的相似性值（布雷 - 柯蒂斯指数）。在我们的结果中，我们识别出该地区共有19个物种，9个非本地物种和10个本地物种，其中3个本地物种已在该地区消失。早期记录与当前记录之间的相似性值非常低（0.27）；动物群落组成的主要变化发生在过去20年。采样地点之间的丰度、多样性和相似性值表明非本地物种占主导地位。我们讨论了观赏鱼贸易在该地区作为生态系统中外来引入的主要原因的作用，以及至少四种非本地物种对本地动物和生态系统可能产生的负面影响（莫桑比克罗非鱼、黑带丽体鱼、断纹翼甲鲶和豹纹翼甲鲶）。迫切需要在瓦特拉山脉生物圈保护区和墨西哥的生物多样性保护区实施外来物种登记、控制和根除计划。
