Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195-7456, USA.
Expert Rev Med Devices. 2013 Jul;10(4):519-39. doi: 10.1586/17434440.2013.811868.
The use of nickel casting alloys for long-term restorations in dentistry has long been controversial. A 'tug-of-war' between economic, engineering and biological considerations is central to this controversy; nickel-casting alloys have low costs and favorable physical properties, but are corrosion-prone in the oral environment. Clinicians and researchers have questioned the safety of nickel-containing dental alloys because several nickel compounds are known to cause adverse biological effects in vivo and in vitro in contexts outside of dentistry. The debate revolves around the extent to which corrosion products from oral restorations cause intraoral or systemic biological problems. Current evidence suggests that nickel alloys may be used successfully and safely in dentistry if clinical risks are taken into account. However, these alloys may cause significant clinical problems, primarily allergenic and inflammatory, if the risks are ignored.
长期以来，牙科领域对于使用镍铸造合金进行修复一直存在争议。这场争议的核心是经济、工程和生物学因素之间的“拉锯战”；镍铸造合金具有成本低、物理性能好的优点，但在口腔环境中容易腐蚀。临床医生和研究人员对含镍牙科合金的安全性提出了质疑，因为已知几种镍化合物在牙科以外的环境中会在体内和体外产生不良的生物学效应。这场争论围绕着口腔修复体的腐蚀产物在多大程度上引起口腔内或系统性的生物学问题。目前的证据表明，如果考虑到临床风险，镍合金可以在牙科中成功且安全地使用。然而，如果忽视这些风险，这些合金可能会引起严重的临床问题，主要是过敏和炎症。
