Khode Vitthal, Ramdurg Santosh, Parakh Rajendra, Ruikar Komal, Anupama Deepak
Department of Physiology, SDM College of Medical Sciences, Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Med Sci. 2012 Sep-Oct;66(9-10):222-9.
The metabolic syndrome, a clustering of several commonly occurring disorders that include abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein level, hypertension, and hyperglycemia, has been specifically investigated as a risk factor for cognitive decline in elderly individuals. The metabolic syndrome may be a risk factor for cognitive decline because it summarizes the joint effects of these risk factors. It is known that difference between simple and choice reaction time (RT) implies time required for cognition. Though delayed choice RTs indicate involvement of cognition, they cannot quantify how much time is required for cognition. In whole body simple reaction time (WBSRT), RT is split into two chronoscopic readings: C1 and C2. C1 measures time required for central processing which requires cognition and C2 measures total RT. C2-C1 measures time required for peripheral motor response. We hypothesized that whole body choice RT chronoscopic reading 1 (WBCRTC1) will be delayed in metabolic syndrome and WBCRTC1 will have predictive value in detecting cognitive dysfunction.
Hospital-based cross-sectional case-control study.
Study was conducted on 120 subjects using visual and WBSRT having criteria of age (40-60 years) and metabolic syndrome, compared with equal number of age- and sex-matched controls. Statistical analysis was done by independent t-test and duration of metabolic syndrome was correlated with cognition times (WBCRTC1) using Pearson's correlation. Predictive value of WBCRTC1 was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve.
Delayed visual simple RT, visual choice RT, WBSRT, and whole body choice RT (WBCRT) observed among subjects metabolic syndrome when compared with controls. Choice RTs were more delayed compared to simple RTs. WBCRTC1 (608.8 ± 132 ms) was more delayed than WBSRTC1 (424.05 ± 89.9 ms) among metabolic syndrome indicating cognitive dysfunction. Unfortunately, there was no significant correlation between duration of metabolic syndrome with cognition. The best cut-off value for WBCRTC1, when predicting cognitive dysfunction in metabolic syndrome was 542.5 ms (sensitivity 36.7% and specificity 31.6%).
WBCRTC1 can be used as a tool to detect cognitive dysfunction.
代谢综合征是几种常见病症的集合，包括腹型肥胖、高甘油三酯血症、低高密度脂蛋白水平、高血压和高血糖，已被专门研究作为老年人认知功能下降的一个风险因素。代谢综合征可能是认知功能下降的一个风险因素，因为它总结了这些风险因素的联合作用。已知简单反应时间和选择反应时间（RT）之间的差异意味着认知所需的时间。虽然延迟的选择反应时间表明认知参与其中，但它们无法量化认知需要多少时间。在全身简单反应时间（WBSRT）中，反应时间被分为两个计时读数：C1和C2。C1测量需要认知的中枢处理所需的时间，C2测量总反应时间。C2 - C1测量外周运动反应所需的时间。我们假设全身选择反应时间计时读数1（WBCRTC1）在代谢综合征中会延迟，并且WBCRTC1在检测认知功能障碍方面具有预测价值。
基于医院的横断面病例对照研究。
对120名年龄在40 - 60岁且符合代谢综合征标准的受试者进行视觉和WBSRT研究，并与同等数量的年龄和性别匹配的对照组进行比较。采用独立t检验进行统计分析，并使用Pearson相关性分析代谢综合征的持续时间与认知时间（WBCRTC1）之间的关系。使用受试者工作特征曲线计算WBCRTC1的预测价值。
与对照组相比，在患有代谢综合征的受试者中观察到视觉简单反应时间、视觉选择反应时间、WBSRT和全身选择反应时间（WBCRT）延迟。与简单反应时间相比，选择反应时间延迟更明显。在代谢综合征患者中，WBCRTC1（608.8±132毫秒）比WBSRTC1（424.05±89.9毫秒）延迟更明显，表明存在认知功能障碍。遗憾的是，代谢综合征的持续时间与认知之间没有显著相关性。在预测代谢综合征中的认知功能障碍时，WBCRTC1的最佳截断值为542.5毫秒（敏感性36.7%，特异性31.6%）。
WBCRTC1可作为检测认知功能障碍的一种工具。
