GRET-CERETOX and Toxicology Unit, Public Health Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA·UB), Food and Nutrition Torribera Campus, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Oct;60:199-204. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.052. Epub 2013 Jul 27.
In the last years, consumption of organic foods has become increasingly popular. Nevertheless, safety of organic foods is still unclear, and needs to be thoroughly evaluated. Patulin is a mycotoxin mainly present in rotten apples and apple-based products. The aim of this study is to analyse the content of patulin in apple juices and purees derived from organic and conventional production systems, in order to assess the risk to consumers, particularly in children. A total of 93 apple-based products marketed in Catalonia were analysed, 49 of which were derived from conventional and 44 from organic farming. The results showed higher incidence of positive samples and higher concentration of patulin in organic apple purees when comparing with conventional ones. In the case of juices, significant differences were found between conventional and organic samples, but applying a multivariate analysis the type of agriculture did not seem to have a relevant contribution to patulin occurrence, being cloudiness the main factor involved. The estimated daily intake of patulin for infants and young children (0-3 years old), children (4-18 years old) and adults (19-66 years old), were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 0.4 μg/kg bw in all scenarios considered.
在过去几年中，有机食品的消费越来越受欢迎。然而，有机食品的安全性仍不清楚，需要进行彻底评估。棒曲霉素是一种主要存在于腐烂苹果和苹果制品中的真菌毒素。本研究旨在分析来自有机和常规生产系统的苹果汁和苹果泥中棒曲霉素的含量，以评估对消费者，特别是儿童的风险。共分析了在加泰罗尼亚市场销售的 93 种苹果制品，其中 49 种来自常规生产，44 种来自有机生产。结果表明，与常规生产的苹果泥相比，有机苹果泥中阳性样品的发生率和棒曲霉素的浓度更高。对于果汁，常规和有机样品之间存在显著差异，但通过多元分析，农业类型似乎对棒曲霉素的出现没有相关贡献，混浊是主要相关因素。对于婴儿和幼儿（0-3 岁）、儿童（4-18 岁）和成年人（19-66 岁），估计他们每天摄入的棒曲霉素低于暂定每日最大耐受量（PMTDI）0.4μg/kg bw，在所考虑的所有情况下均如此。
