Krettenauer Tobias, Colasante Tyler, Buchmann Marlis, Malti Tina
Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, N2L 3C5, Canada,
J Youth Adolesc. 2014 Apr;43(4):583-96. doi: 10.1007/s10964-013-9994-5. Epub 2013 Aug 9.
Adolescents' emotions in the context of moral decision-making repeatedly have been shown to predict actual behaviour. However, little systematic information on developmental change regarding these emotion expectancies has been available thus far. This longitudinal study investigated anticipated moral emotions and decision-making between the ages of 15 and 21 in a representative sample of Swiss adolescents (N = 1,258; 54 % female; M = 15.30 years). Anticipated moral emotions and decision-making were assessed through a semi-structured interview procedure. Using Bernoulli hierarchical linear modeling, it was found that positive feelings after a moral transgression (i.e., "happy victimizer" responses) decreased over time, whereas positive feelings after a moral decision (i.e., "happy moralist" responses) increased. However, this pattern was contingent upon the moral scenario presented. Systematic relationships between anticipated moral emotions and moral personality characteristics of sympathy, conscientiousness, and agreeableness were found, even when controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and cognitive ability. Overall, this study demonstrates that the development of anticipated moral emotions is not limited to childhood. Furthermore, our findings suggest that moral emotions serve as an important link between moral personality development and decision-making processes that are more proximal to everyday moral behavior.
在道德决策背景下，青少年的情绪反复被证明能够预测实际行为。然而，迄今为止，关于这些情绪预期的发展变化，几乎没有系统的信息。这项纵向研究调查了瑞士青少年代表性样本（N = 1258；54%为女性；平均年龄M = 15.30岁）在15至21岁之间的预期道德情绪和决策情况。通过半结构化访谈程序评估预期道德情绪和决策。使用伯努利分层线性模型发现，道德违规后的积极情绪（即“快乐加害者”反应）随时间减少，而道德决策后的积极情绪（即“快乐道德家”反应）增加。然而，这种模式取决于所呈现的道德情境。即使在控制了社会人口统计学特征和认知能力之后，也发现了预期道德情绪与同情、尽责和宜人性等道德人格特征之间的系统关系。总体而言，这项研究表明，预期道德情绪的发展并不局限于童年时期。此外，我们的研究结果表明，道德情绪是道德人格发展与更接近日常道德行为的决策过程之间的重要纽带。
