Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, Central Institute of Post-harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana, 141004 India.
J Food Sci Technol. 2012 Aug;49(4):383-406. doi: 10.1007/s13197-011-0437-6. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
Food quality and safety is a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation and storage of food in ways that prevent food borne illness. Food serves as a growth medium for microorganisms that can be pathogenic or cause food spoilage. Therefore, it is imperative to have stringent laws and standards for the preparation, packaging and transportation of food. The conventional methods for detection of food contamination based on culturing, colony counting, chromatography and immunoassay are tedious and time consuming while biosensors have overcome some of these disadvantages. There is growing interest in biosensors due to high specificity, convenience and quick response. Optical biosensors show greater potential for the detection of pathogens, pesticide and drug residues, hygiene monitoring, heavy metals and other toxic substances in the food to check whether it is safe for consumption or not. This review focuses on optical biosensors, the recent developments in the associated instrumentation with emphasis on fiber optic and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors for detecting a range of analytes in food samples, the major advantages and challenges associated with optical biosensors. It also briefly covers the different methods employed for the immobilization of bio-molecules used in developing biosensors.
食品质量与安全是一门科学学科，主要研究如何以防止食源性疾病的方式处理、准备和储存食品。食品是微生物的生长介质，这些微生物可能会导致疾病或引起食物变质。因此，制定严格的食品制备、包装和运输法规和标准势在必行。基于培养、菌落计数、色谱和免疫测定的传统食品污染检测方法繁琐且耗时，而生物传感器克服了其中的一些缺点。由于具有高特异性、便利性和快速响应等特点，生物传感器越来越受到关注。光学生物传感器在检测病原体、农药和药物残留、卫生监测、重金属和其他有毒物质方面显示出更大的潜力，以检查食品是否安全可食用。本文重点介绍了光学生物传感器，以及相关仪器设备的最新进展，特别强调了光纤和表面等离子体共振（SPR）生物传感器在检测食品样品中一系列分析物方面的应用，同时还讨论了与光学生物传感器相关的主要优点和挑战。本文还简要介绍了用于开发生物传感器的生物分子固定化的不同方法。
