Mulunda Mwanza, Ndou Rendani V, Dzoma Blessing, Nyirenda Mathew, Bakunzi Frank
Department of Animal Health, North West University, South Africa.
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2013;84(1):E1-5. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v84i1.133.
This study analysed 60 dog food samples obtained from commercial outlets following the 2011 aflatoxicosis outbreak in South Africa. Results obtained from the selected dog food samples revealed that 87% of samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs) (mainly AFB1 and AFB2). Amongst these samples, 45 (75%) were above the 20 parts per billion (ppb) set by most countries and 10 ppb regulated by the Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act (Act No. 36 of 1947) for South Africa. In addition to AFs, other mycotoxins were also detected in the same samples with fumonisins (FBs) (mainly FB1 and FB2) contaminating 98% of samples with 49 (81.81) above the tolerable limit of 1000 ppb in feedstuff set up by the Federal Drug Agency (FDA) (USA). The FBs mean obtained was 1556 ppb (Table 1) with contamination varying between 5.2 and 4653.8 ppb. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was detected in 41 (68%) of the analysed samples, with a mean value of 13.7 ppb. Amongst these samples, 15 (25%) were above the 20 ppb highest limit set by the Codex Alimentarius standard. Zearalenone (ZEA) was detected in 96% of samples, with a mean value of 354.1 ppb. Thirty-three samples (55%) were above the regulated level 1000 ppb tolerable limit. The recoveries were up to ten times the tolerable daily limits of the FDA and EU. The correlation between mycotoxin findings and clinical signs reported on patients presented for aflatoxicosis led to the conclusion that the outbreak was associated with the presence of other mycotoxins found simultaneously in the analysed samples by additive or synergistic effects.
本研究分析了2011年南非黄曲霉毒素中毒事件后从商业网点获取的60份狗粮样本。从所选狗粮样本中获得的结果显示，87%的样本被黄曲霉毒素（AFs）污染（主要是AFB1和AFB2）。在这些样本中，45份（75%）超过了大多数国家设定的十亿分之二十（ppb）以及南非《肥料、农场饲料、农业补救措施和牲畜补救措施法》（1947年第36号法案）规定的10 ppb。除了AFs，在相同样本中还检测到了其他霉菌毒素，伏马毒素（FBs）（主要是FB1和FB2）污染了98%的样本，其中49份（81.81%）超过了美国联邦药物管理局（FDA）设定的饲料中1000 ppb的可耐受限度。获得的FBs平均值为1556 ppb（表1），污染程度在5.2至4653.8 ppb之间。在41份（68%）分析样本中检测到了赭曲霉毒素A（OTA），平均值为13.7 ppb。在这些样本中，15份（25%）超过了食品法典标准设定的20 ppb最高限量。在96%的样本中检测到了玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA），平均值为354.1 ppb。33份样本（55%）超过了规定的1000 ppb可耐受限度。回收率高达FDA和欧盟每日可耐受限度的十倍。霉菌毒素检测结果与黄曲霉毒素中毒患者报告的临床症状之间的相关性得出结论，此次疫情与分析样本中同时发现的其他霉菌毒素通过相加或协同作用的存在有关。
