Social and Behavioral Sciences, Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ 08205-9941, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2013 Apr-Jun;45(2):189-94. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2013.785855.
Maslow (1970) defined peak experiences as the most wonderful experiences of a person's life, which may include a sense of awe, well-being, or transcendence. Furthermore, recent research has suggested that psilocybin can produce experiences subjectively rated as uniquely meaningful and significant (Griffiths et al. 2006). It is therefore possible that psilocybin may facilitate or change the nature of peak experiences in users compared to non-users. This study was designed to compare the peak experiences of psilocybin users and non-users, to evaluate the frequency of peak experiences while under the influence of psilocybin, and to assess the perceived degree of alteration of consciousness during these experiences. Participants were recruited through convenience and snowball sampling from undergraduate classes and at a musical event. Participants were divided into three groups, those who reported a peak experience while under the influence of psilocybin (psilocybin peak experience: PPE), participants who had used psilocybin but reported their peak experiences did not occur while they were under the influence of psilocybin (non-psilocybin peak experience: NPPE), and participants who had never used psilocybin (non-user: NU). A total of 101 participants were asked to think about their peak experiences and complete a measure evaluating the degree of alteration of consciousness during that experience. Results indicated that 47% of psilocybin users reported their peak experience occurred while using psilocybin. In addition, there were significant differences among the three groups on all dimensions of alteration of consciousness. Future research is necessary to identify factors that influence the peak experiences of psilocybin users in naturalistic settings and contribute to the different characteristics of peak experiences of psilocybin users and non-users.
马斯洛（1970）将高峰体验定义为一个人生命中最美好的体验，其中可能包括敬畏感、幸福感或超越感。此外，最近的研究表明，裸盖菇素可以产生被主观评价为独特而有意义的体验（Griffiths 等人，2006）。因此，与非使用者相比，裸盖菇素可能会促进或改变使用者的高峰体验的性质。本研究旨在比较裸盖菇素使用者和非使用者的高峰体验，评估在服用裸盖菇素时高峰体验的频率，并评估在这些体验中意识改变的感知程度。参与者通过本科课程和音乐活动的便利抽样和滚雪球抽样招募。参与者分为三组，一组报告在服用裸盖菇素时经历了高峰体验（裸盖菇素高峰体验：PPE），一组报告曾经使用过裸盖菇素，但他们的高峰体验并非在服用裸盖菇素时发生（非裸盖菇素高峰体验：NPPE），一组报告从未使用过裸盖菇素（非使用者：NU）。共有 101 名参与者被要求思考他们的高峰体验，并完成一项评估在该体验中意识改变程度的测量。结果表明，47%的裸盖菇素使用者报告他们的高峰体验发生在使用裸盖菇素时。此外，三组在意识改变的所有维度上都存在显著差异。未来的研究有必要确定影响自然环境中裸盖菇素使用者高峰体验的因素，并有助于解释裸盖菇素使用者和非使用者高峰体验的不同特征。
