Voelter-Ratson Katrin, Monod Michel, Unger Lucia, Spiess Bernhard M, Pot Simon A
Equine Department, Section of Ophthalmology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;17 Suppl 1:31-6. doi: 10.1111/vop.12088. Epub 2013 Aug 2.
To characterize the conjunctival fungal flora and to determine the susceptibility of 2 isolated molds to antifungal drugs in samples of 64 healthy horses from The National Stud in Switzerland.
Conjunctival cytobrush samples were collected from both eyes of 64 ophthalmologically normal horses in August 2012 and subsequently cultured on Sabouraud's agar medium. Growing fungi were identified and counted. Etests or broth microdilution tests for Aspergillus fumigatus and Eurotium amstelodami were carried out to determine antifungal drug sensitivity. These species had previously been detected in samples from eyes with keratomycosis in Switzerland. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, and miconazole were recorded.
Fifty-nine of the horses were tested positive for fungal growth from at least one eye (92%). Eleven genera of fungi were identified. The most common fungal genera were Alternaria, Eurotium, Rhizopus, and Cladosporium. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated frequently, while no Fusarium spp. was found. In only 2 cases, yeasts were identified as Candida guilliermondii. For certain fungal species, the type of bedding and housing appeared to influence their prevalence. Susceptibility testing of A. fumigatus showed lowest MICs for voriconazole, E. amstelodami for voriconazole and itraconazole. High MICs for fluconazole were detected for all tested fungi while MICs for amphotericin B and miconazole were variable.
A large range of fungal mold species was identified including A. fumigatus and E. amstelodami, which have been causative agents of keratomycosis in Switzerland. Best in vitro susceptibility results for these two species were obtained for voriconazole.
对瑞士国家种马场64匹健康马的样本中的结膜真菌菌群进行特征分析，并确定2种分离出的霉菌对抗真菌药物的敏感性。
2012年8月从64匹眼科检查正常的马的双眼采集结膜细胞刷样本，随后在沙氏琼脂培养基上进行培养。对生长的真菌进行鉴定和计数。对烟曲霉和阿姆斯特丹散囊菌进行Etest试验或肉汤微量稀释试验，以确定抗真菌药物敏感性。这些菌种此前在瑞士角膜真菌病眼样本中被检测到。记录伏立康唑、氟康唑、伊曲康唑、两性霉素B和咪康唑的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。
59匹马至少一只眼的真菌生长检测呈阳性（92%）。鉴定出11个真菌属。最常见的真菌属为链格孢属、散囊菌属、根霉属和枝孢属。曲霉属和青霉属经常被分离到，而未发现镰刀菌属。仅在2例中，酵母被鉴定为季也蒙念珠菌。对于某些真菌种类，垫料类型和饲养环境似乎会影响其流行率。烟曲霉的药敏试验显示伏立康唑的MIC最低，阿姆斯特丹散囊菌对伏立康唑和伊曲康唑的MIC最低。所有测试真菌对氟康唑的MIC均较高，而两性霉素B和咪康唑的MIC则各不相同。
鉴定出了多种真菌霉菌种类，包括烟曲霉和阿姆斯特丹散囊菌，它们在瑞士是角膜真菌病的病原体。这两种菌种对伏立康唑的体外药敏结果最佳。
