Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, The MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma King's College, London, UK.
Early Hum Dev. 2013 Oct;89 Suppl 2:S25-7. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.07.004. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
Chronic respiratory morbidity is a common adverse outcome of very premature birth, particularly in infants who had developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Prematurely born infants who had BPD may require supplementary oxygen at home for many months and affected infants have increased healthcare utilisation until school age. Chest radiograph abnormalities are common; computed tomography of the chest gives predictive information in children with ongoing respiratory problems. Readmission to hospital is common, particularly for those who have BPD and suffer respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory infections (RSV LRTIs). Recurrent respiratory symptoms requiring treatment are common and are associated with evidence of airways obstruction and gas trapping. Pulmonary function improves with increasing age, but children with BPD may have ongoing airflow limitation. Lung function abnormalities may be more severe in those who had RSV LRTIs, although this may partly be explained by worse premorbid lung function. Worryingly, lung function may deteriorate during the first year. Longitudinal studies are required to determine if there is catch up growth.
慢性呼吸系统疾病是极早产儿的常见不良后果，尤其是那些患有支气管肺发育不良（BPD）的婴儿。患有 BPD 的早产儿可能需要在家中补充氧气数月，并且受影响的婴儿在上学前会增加医疗保健的使用。胸部 X 线异常很常见；胸部计算机断层扫描可为持续存在呼吸系统问题的儿童提供预测信息。住院再次入院很常见，尤其是那些患有 BPD 并患有呼吸道合胞病毒下呼吸道感染（RSV LRTIs）的儿童。需要治疗的反复呼吸道症状很常见，并且与气道阻塞和气体潴留的证据有关。随着年龄的增长，肺功能会有所改善，但患有 BPD 的儿童可能会持续存在气流受限。肺功能异常在 RSV LRTIs 患儿中可能更为严重，尽管这可能部分归因于更差的前期肺功能。令人担忧的是，肺功能可能会在第一年恶化。需要进行纵向研究以确定是否有追赶生长。
