Northampton Business School, University of Northampton, Northampton, Reino Unido.
Psicothema. 2013;25(3):363-9. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2012.289.
Researchers define Emotional Labour (EL) as the effort associated with meeting the emotional requirements of the job, yet nobody has ever directly tested this effort. Building on classic stress and ego depletion theory, this study develops the Emotional Effort Scale (EEF).
In Study 1, exploratory (N = 197) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 182) were conducted with a British sample. In Study 2, the instrument was adapted to Spanish and measurement invariance was tested (N = 304). In Study 3, (N = 185), we tested convergent and divergent validity with the EL strategies (i.e., surface acting and deep acting) and the relationship between EEF and emotional exhaustion.
The final scale is a two-dimensional measure (explicit and implicit emotional effort) with good reliability levels in all samples (N = 818). Additionally, it shows adequate convergent, divergent and nomological validity.
The Emotional Effort construct adds unique value to the literature. Thus, explicit effort seems to be the mechanism that explains the association between EL and exhaustion. Additionally, this study adapts and translates the measure to two of the most used languages in the world, enabling the emergence of cross-national studies in the field of emotions at work.
研究人员将情绪劳动（Emotional Labour，简称 EL）定义为满足工作情感要求所付出的努力，但没有人直接测试过这种努力。本研究以经典的压力和自我损耗理论为基础，开发了情绪努力量表（Emotional Effort Scale，简称 EEF）。
在研究 1 中，对英国样本进行了探索性（N=197）和验证性因素分析（N=182）。在研究 2 中，对西班牙样本进行了适应性研究并测试了测量不变性（N=304）。在研究 3 中（N=185），我们通过 EL 策略（即表面行为和深度行为）以及 EEF 与情绪耗竭之间的关系，测试了其收敛和发散效度。
最终的量表是一个二维测量（显性和隐性情绪努力），在所有样本（N=818）中均具有良好的信度水平。此外，它还表现出足够的收敛、发散和效标效度。
情绪努力的结构为文献增添了独特的价值。因此，显性努力似乎是解释 EL 与倦怠之间关系的机制。此外，本研究将该测量方法适用于世界上使用最多的两种语言，为工作中的情绪领域的跨国研究开辟了道路。
