Granacher U, Muehlbauer T, Gschwind Y J, Pfenninger B, Kressig R W
Humanwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Exzellenzbereich Kognitionswissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Trainings- und Bewegungswissenschaft, Universität Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, Haus 12, 14469, Potsdam, Deutschland,
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2014 Aug;47(6):513-26. doi: 10.1007/s00391-013-0509-5.
The proportion of elderly people in societies of western industrialized countries is continuously rising. Biologic aging induces deficits in balance and muscle strength/power in old age, which is responsible for an increased prevalence of falls. Therefore, nationwide and easy-to-administer fall prevention programs have to be developed in order to contribute to the autonomy and quality of life in old age and to help reduce the financial burden on the public health care system due to the treatment of fall-related injuries. This narrative (qualitative) literature review deals with a) the reasons for an increased prevalence of falls in old age, b) important clinical tests for fall-risk assessment, and c) evidence-based intervention/training programs for fall prevention in old age. The findings of this literature review are based on a cost-free practice guide that is available to the public (via the internet) and that was created by an expert panel (i.e., geriatricians, exercise scientists, physiotherapists, geriatric therapists). The present review provides the scientific foundation of the practice guide.
西方工业化国家社会中老年人的比例在持续上升。生物衰老会导致老年人平衡能力以及肌肉力量/功率下降，这使得跌倒的发生率增加。因此，必须制定全国性且易于实施的预防跌倒计划，以促进老年人的自主性和生活质量，并有助于减轻因治疗跌倒相关损伤给公共医疗保健系统带来的经济负担。本叙述性（定性）文献综述涉及：a）老年人跌倒发生率增加的原因；b）用于跌倒风险评估的重要临床测试；c）基于证据的老年人预防跌倒干预/培训计划。本综述的结果基于一份免费的实践指南（可通过互联网获取），该指南由一个专家小组（即老年医学专家、运动科学家、物理治疗师、老年病治疗师）编写。本综述为该实践指南提供了科学依据。
