Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Jul 31;14(8):15931-58. doi: 10.3390/ijms140815931.
Radiation damage to biological systems is determined by the type of radiation, the total dosage of exposure, the dose rate, and the region of the body exposed. Three modes of cell death-necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy-as well as accelerated senescence have been demonstrated to occur in vitro and in vivo in response to radiation in cancer cells as well as in normal cells. The basis for cellular selection for each mode depends on various factors including the specific cell type involved, the dose of radiation absorbed by the cell, and whether it is proliferating and/or transformed. Here we review the signaling mechanisms activated by radiation for the induction of toxicity in transformed and normal cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of radiation toxicity is critical for the development of radiation countermeasures as well as for the improvement of clinical radiation in cancer treatment.
生物系统的辐射损伤取决于辐射的类型、总暴露剂量、剂量率以及暴露的身体区域。已经证明，在体外和体内，癌细胞以及正常细胞受到辐射后会发生三种细胞死亡模式——坏死、凋亡和自噬，以及加速衰老。细胞选择每种模式的基础取决于各种因素，包括涉及的特定细胞类型、细胞吸收的辐射剂量，以及细胞是否增殖和/或转化。在这里，我们综述了辐射诱导转化细胞和正常细胞毒性的信号机制。了解辐射毒性的分子机制对于开发辐射对策以及改善癌症治疗中的临床辐射至关重要。
