Trompetter Hester R, Ten Klooster Peter M, Schreurs Karlein M G, Fledderus Martine, Westerhof Gerben J, Bohlmeijer Ernst T
Department of Psychology, Health and Technology.
Psychol Assess. 2013 Dec;25(4):1235-1246. doi: 10.1037/a0033813. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
This article describes the development and evaluation of the Engaged Living Scale (ELS) as a new self-report, process-specific measure to assess an engaged response style as conceptualized in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). The psychometric properties of the ELS test scores were evaluated in both a nonclinical sample (N = 439) and a clinical sample consisting of chronic pain patients who participated in a study on the effects of an online ACT intervention (N = 238). Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis in the nonclinical sample suggested a 16-item version of the ELS with 2 subscales, Valued Living (10 items) and Life Fulfillment (6 items). A bifactor model with 2 specific factors and 1 general underlying factor showed the best fit in confirmatory factor analyses in the chronic pain sample. In both samples, the scores on the ELS and its subscales showed good internal consistency and construct validity by consistent patterns of relationships with theoretically related process and outcome variables, such as psychological well-being, anxiety/depression, acceptance, mindfulness, and pain interference in daily life. Furthermore, in the chronic pain sample, the ELS showed incremental validity in explaining anxiety and depression, positive mental health, and pain interference beyond both acceptance and mindfulness. This study suggests the ELS shows promise as a useful tool for the measurement of an engaged response style, enabling more comprehensive evaluation of working mechanisms of ACT.
本文描述了参与式生活量表（ELS）的开发与评估，该量表是一种新的自我报告式、针对特定过程的测量工具，用于评估接纳与承诺疗法（ACT）中所概念化的参与式反应风格。在一个非临床样本（N = 439）和一个由参与在线ACT干预效果研究的慢性疼痛患者组成的临床样本（N = 238）中，对ELS测试分数的心理测量特性进行了评估。非临床样本中的项目分析和探索性因素分析表明，ELS有一个16项版本，包含两个子量表，即有价值生活（10项）和生活满足感（6项）。在慢性疼痛样本的验证性因素分析中，一个包含两个特定因素和一个一般潜在因素的双因素模型显示出最佳拟合。在两个样本中，ELS及其子量表的分数通过与理论相关的过程和结果变量（如心理健康、焦虑/抑郁状态、接纳、正念以及日常生活中的疼痛干扰）的一致关系模式，显示出良好的内部一致性和结构效度。此外，在慢性疼痛样本中，ELS在解释焦虑和抑郁、积极心理健康以及疼痛干扰方面，除了接纳和正念之外，还显示出增量效度。这项研究表明，ELS有望成为测量参与式反应风格的有用工具，能够更全面地评估ACT的作用机制。
