Margaritis Lukas H, Manta Areti K, Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D, Schiza Dimitra, Alimisis Konstantinos, Barkas Georgios, Georgiou Eleana, Giannakopoulou Olympia, Kollia Ioanna, Kontogianni Georgia, Kourouzidou Angeliki, Myari Angeliki, Roumelioti Fani, Skouroliakou Aikaterini, Sykioti Vasia, Varda Georgia, Xenos Konstantinos, Ziomas Konstantinos
Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Athens , Greece and.
Electromagn Biol Med. 2014 Sep;33(3):165-89. doi: 10.3109/15368378.2013.800102. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
The model biological organisms Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis have been utilized to assess effects on apoptotic cell death of follicles during oogenesis and reproductive capacity (fecundity) decline. A total of 280 different experiments were performed using newly emerged flies exposed for short time daily for 3-7 d to various EMF sources including: GSM 900/1800 MHz mobile phone, 1880-1900 MHz DECT wireless base, DECT wireless handset, mobile phone-DECT handset combination, 2.44 GHz wireless network (Wi-Fi), 2.44 GHz blue tooth, 92.8 MHz FM generator, 27.15 MHz baby monitor, 900 MHz CW RF generator and microwave oven's 2.44 GHz RF and magnetic field components. Mobile phone was used as a reference exposure system for evaluating factors considered very important in dosimetry extending our published work with D. melanogaster to the insect D. virilis. Distance from the emitting source, the exposure duration and the repeatability were examined. All EMF sources used created statistically significant effects regarding fecundity and cell death-apoptosis induction, even at very low intensity levels (0.3 V/m blue tooth radiation), well below ICNIRP's guidelines, suggesting that Drosophila oogenesis system is suitable to be used as a biomarker for exploring potential EMF bioactivity. Also, there is no linear cumulative effect when increasing the duration of exposure or using one EMF source after the other (i.e. mobile phone and DECT handset) at the specific conditions used. The role of the average versus the peak E-field values as measured by spectrum analyzers on the final effects is discussed.
模式生物黑腹果蝇和粗壮果蝇已被用于评估在卵子发生过程中卵泡凋亡性细胞死亡的影响以及生殖能力（繁殖力）的下降。总共进行了280个不同的实验，使用刚羽化的果蝇，每天短时间暴露3至7天，使其接触各种电磁场源，包括：GSM 900/1800兆赫移动电话、1880 - 1900兆赫数字增强无绳通信（DECT）无线基站、DECT无线手机、移动电话 - DECT手机组合、2.44吉赫无线网络（Wi-Fi）、2.44吉赫蓝牙、92.8兆赫调频发生器、27.15兆赫婴儿监视器、900兆赫连续波射频发生器以及微波炉的2.44吉赫射频和磁场成分。移动电话被用作参考暴露系统，用于评估在剂量学中被认为非常重要的因素，将我们已发表的关于黑腹果蝇的研究扩展到了粗壮果蝇。研究了与发射源的距离、暴露持续时间和可重复性。所有使用的电磁场源均对繁殖力和细胞死亡 - 凋亡诱导产生了统计学上显著的影响，即使在非常低的强度水平（0.3伏/米蓝牙辐射）下也是如此，该强度远低于国际非电离辐射防护委员会（ICNIRP）的指导方针，这表明果蝇卵子发生系统适合用作探索潜在电磁场生物活性的生物标志物。此外，在特定使用条件下，增加暴露持续时间或先后使用一种电磁场源（即移动电话和DECT手机）时，不存在线性累积效应。还讨论了频谱分析仪测量的平均电场值与峰值电场值对最终效应的作用。
