Steinhäuser J, Miksch A, Hermann K, Joos S, Loh A, Götz K
Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2013 Oct;138(42):2137-42. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1349450. Epub 2013 Aug 5.
In the context of physician shortages, critical factors influencing career choice need to be better understood. The aim of this study was to explore experiences students have had with family medicine in order to develop additional strategies for recruiting family medicine trainees.
Students from the five medical faculties in the federal state of Baden-Wuerttemberg were invited to participate in an online-survey via email. A purpose-built questionnaire was used. In addition to descriptive statistics, analysis included linear partial correlations controlled for age, gender, and semester, which were calculated between the variable "I believe family medicine is an attractive job" and the 31 variables of the survey. Linear regression was used to analyze the influence of experiences with family medicine and statements about family medicine to the perception of family medicine as an attractive specialty.
1299 students participated in the survey. About half of the participants (49.7 %) considered working as a primary care physician to be attractive or partly attractive. 49.6 % of students reported positive experiences with family medicine as a patient and 33.1 % as a family member. 24.3 % reported positive experiences during the compulsory 1-2 weeks general practice internship and 18.1 % during a four weeks elective placement. For 302 participants (23.3 %), family medicine is presented positively in the media. 178 (13.7 %) consider family medicine to have high importance in both undergraduate and postgraduate education. Positive influences on judging attractiveness of family medicine were: own experience with family medicine as a clinical elective (rpart= + 0.450), own experience with family medicine as a patient (rpart= + 0.218), perception that family medicine offers a diversified working day (rpart= + 0.259), and perception that family medicine offers a good salary (rpart= + 0.242).
To enable students during undergraduate studies to have practical experience with family medicine seems to be an important influence on judging family medicine attractive.
在医生短缺的背景下，需要更好地了解影响职业选择的关键因素。本研究的目的是探索学生在家庭医学方面的经历，以便制定更多招募家庭医学实习生的策略。
邀请巴登-符腾堡州五个医学院的学生通过电子邮件参与在线调查。使用了专门设计的问卷。除描述性统计外，分析还包括控制年龄、性别和学期的线性偏相关，这些偏相关是在“我认为家庭医学是一份有吸引力的工作”这一变量与调查的31个变量之间计算得出的。采用线性回归分析家庭医学经历和关于家庭医学的陈述对将家庭医学视为有吸引力专业的认知的影响。
1299名学生参与了调查。约一半的参与者（49.7%）认为担任初级保健医生具有吸引力或部分具有吸引力。49.6%的学生报告作为患者有过与家庭医学相关的积极经历，33.1%作为家庭成员有过相关积极经历。24.3%的学生报告在为期1 - 2周的义务全科实习期间有过积极经历，18.1%在为期四周的选修实习期间有过积极经历。对于302名参与者（23.3%）来说，家庭医学在媒体上有正面呈现。178名（13.7%）认为家庭医学在本科和研究生教育中都非常重要。对判断家庭医学吸引力有积极影响的因素包括：自己作为临床选修课的家庭医学经历（rpart = + 0.450）、自己作为患者的家庭医学经历（rpart = + 0.218）、认为家庭医学提供多样化工作日的认知（rpart = + 0.259）以及认为家庭医学薪资优厚的认知（rpart = + 0.242）。
使本科生在学习期间有家庭医学的实践经验似乎对判断家庭医学具有吸引力有重要影响。
