Götz K, Miksch A, Hermann K, Loh A, Kiolbassa K, Joos S, Steinhäuser J
Abteilung Allgemeinmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2011 Feb;136(6):253-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1272520. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
In times of shortage of doctors, expectations and interests of the future generation of doctors towards their career aspiration is of major importance. The aim of this study was to analyze expectations of medical students at the five medical schools in the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg (Germany) concerning their career choice and factors influencing it.
Between January and February 2010, 1299 medical students (out of 12 062 medical students at the five medical schools) participated in an online-survey. In addition to sociodemographic items, career choice and aspects of planning reliability were raised.
Three quarters of the students assign a medical profession for their future occupation. There is a dominance of internal medicine (n = 152), gynaecology (n = 127), paediatrics (n = 125), surgery (n = 115), anaesthesiology (n = 101), and family medicine (n = 88). The time point of decision varies between the different undergraduate years of medical school and specialty. Students at the beginning of their studies seem to be interested mostly in surgery. During medical school the interests towards internal medicine grows. Regarding planning dependability important aspects for medical students were to work in a job that has a future (61.2 % fully agree), to have a safe job (57.7 %), and to have a safe income (57.1 %). Less important seems to be to have good opportunity to earn money (29.6 %).
Interest in a certain specialty changes markedly at during medical school. Factors such as economical guarantee, good future prospects and also the studies itself have an essential impact for students on choosing a specific career. Strategies to face physicians' shortage in different specialties need to be close to the needs and expectations of future physicians. This is not only valid for the undergraduate time period but also for the work circumstances of their future.
在医生短缺的时期，未来一代医生对其职业抱负的期望和兴趣至关重要。本研究的目的是分析德国巴登-符腾堡州五所医学院的医学生对其职业选择及其影响因素的期望。
2010年1月至2月期间，五所医学院的12062名医学生中有1299名参加了在线调查。除社会人口统计学项目外，还涉及职业选择和规划可靠性方面的问题。
四分之三的学生将医学职业作为其未来职业。内科（n = 152）、妇科（n = 127）、儿科（n = 125）、外科（n = 115）、麻醉科（n = 101）和家庭医学（n = 88）占主导地位。不同本科年级和专业的决策时间点各不相同。刚开始学习的学生似乎大多对外科感兴趣。在医学院学习期间，对内科的兴趣增加。关于规划可靠性，医学生认为重要的方面是从事有前途的工作（61.2%完全同意）、有一份安稳的工作（57.7%）和有稳定的收入（57.1%）。而有良好赚钱机会似乎不太重要（29.6%）。
在医学院学习期间，对某一特定专业的兴趣会有显著变化。经济保障、良好的未来前景以及学习本身等因素对学生选择特定职业有着至关重要的影响。应对不同专业医生短缺的策略需要贴近未来医生的需求和期望。这不仅适用于本科阶段，也适用于他们未来的工作环境。
