a Food Science and Standards Division , Food Safety Authority of Ireland , Dublin 1 , Ireland.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2013;30(10):1788-98. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2013.822569. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
Brominated flame retardants - polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and others - have been measured in 11 pooled breast milk samples from 109 first-time mothers in Ireland. Additionally, the study has measured levels of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PBDD/Fs), mixed halogenated dioxins (PXCC/Fs) and biphenyls (PXBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) in these samples. The mean sum of 19 PBDEs including BDE-209 was 4.85 ng g(-1) fat, which is comparable with that found in other European countries. BDE-47, BDE-153, BDE-209, BDE-99 and BDE-100 were found at the highest concentrations. The only PBBs detected consistently were BB-77, BB-126 and BB-153, with highest concentrations being found for BB-153 (mean = 0.13 ng g(-1) fat). The mean sum of HBCD enantiomers was 3.52 ng g(-1) fat, with α-HBCD representing over 70% of the total. Of the other brominated flame retardants - tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A), hexabromobenzene (HBB), decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) and bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxyethane) (BTBPE) - examined, only TBBP-A was detected above the limit of detection (LOD), in two of the 11 pools analysed. All measured PBDF congeners were observed (at 0.02-0.91 pg g(-1) fat), but 2,3,7,8-tetrabromo-dibenzodioxin (TeBDD) was the only PBDD detected, with a mean concentration of 0.09 pg g(-1) fat. The occurrence of the mixed chlorinated/brominated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls, 2-B-3,7,8-CDD, 2,3-B-7,8-CDF, 4-B-2,3,7,8-CDF, PXB 105, PXB 118, PXB 126 and PCB 156 in breast milk in the current study may indicate that levels of these contaminants are increasing in the environment. Polychlorinated naphthalenes were detected in all samples, but not perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and other PFAS. The pattern of occurrence of these brominated and fluorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Irish breast milk shows a general relationship to their occurrence in food, as reported in a number of surveillance studies carried out by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland.
溴化阻燃剂——多溴二苯醚 (PBDEs)、多溴联苯 (PBBs)、六溴环十二烷 (HBCD) 及其他物质——已在爱尔兰 109 位初次分娩的母亲的 11 份母乳样本中进行了检测。此外，该研究还测量了这些样本中多溴二苯并二恶英和呋喃 (PBDD/Fs)、混合卤代二恶英 (PXCC/Fs) 和联苯 (PXBs)、多氯萘 (PCNs) 和全氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的含量。包括 BDE-209 在内的 19 种 PBDEs 的平均总和为 4.85ng/g 脂肪，与其他欧洲国家的含量相当。BDE-47、BDE-153、BDE-209、BDE-99 和 BDE-100 的浓度最高。一致检测到的唯一 PBBs 是 BB-77、BB-126 和 BB-153，其中 BB-153 的浓度最高（平均值为 0.13ng/g 脂肪）。HBCD 对映体的平均总和为 3.52ng/g 脂肪，其中 α-HBCD 占总量的 70%以上。在所研究的其他溴化阻燃剂——四溴双酚 A (TBBP-A)、六溴苯 (HBB)、十溴二苯醚 (DBDPE) 和双(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)乙烷 (BTBPE) 中，仅在 11 个样本中有两个样本中检测到 TBBP-A 超过检测限 (LOD)。所有测定的 PBDF 同系物均有检出（浓度为 0.02-0.91pg/g 脂肪），但仅检出 2,3,7,8-四溴二苯并二恶英 (TeBDD)，其浓度平均值为 0.09pg/g 脂肪。混合氯/溴二苯并二恶英、二苯并呋喃和联苯、2-B-3,7,8-CDD、2,3-B-7,8-CDF、4-B-2,3,7,8-CDF、PXB 105、PXB 118、PXB 126 和 PCB 156 在当前研究中的母乳中出现，可能表明这些污染物在环境中的水平正在增加。所有样本中均检测到多氯萘，但未检测到全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 和其他全氟烷基物质 (PFAS)。在爱尔兰母乳中这些溴化和氟化持久性有机污染物 (POPs) 的出现模式与在食品中的出现模式有关，这与爱尔兰食品安全局进行的多项监测研究报告的结果一致。
