Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand .
Biofouling. 2013 Sep;29(8):967-75. doi: 10.1080/08927014.2013.822488. Epub 2013 Aug 6.
Polygodial is a potent and selective inhibitor of ascidian metamorphosis that shows promise for controlling fouling by ascidians in bivalve aquaculture. The current study examined the potency of, and associated effects of seawater exposure on, a rosin-based soluble-matrix paint laced with 0.08-160 ng polygodial g(-1) wet paint matrix. Paint-coated surfaces were soaked in seawater for 0, 2, 4 or 12 weeks prior to screening for antifouling activity using a bioassay based on the nuisance ascidian Ciona savignyi Herdman. Mortality was greater (mean 50% lethal concentration: 5 ± 2 ng g(-1); mean 75% lethal concentration: 17 ± 4 ng g(-1)) and metamorphosis was inhibited (mean 50% anti-metamorphic concentration: 2 ± 0.4 ng g(-1); mean 75% anti-metamorphic concentration: 15 ± 10 ng g(-1)) in C. savignyi larvae exposed to polygodial-laced soluble-matrix paints, relative to control paints without polygodial. Soaking in seawater prior to testing reduced the efficacy of the formulation up to nearly 12-fold, but even after soaking for 12 weeks paints laced with polygodial at 160 ng g(-1) wet paint matrix prevented ⩾90% of the larvae of C. savignyi from completing metamorphosis. The outcome of this experiment provides a positive first step in evaluating the suitability of polygodial-laced soluble-matrix paints for use in aquaculture.
多穗柯因是一种强效且选择性的贝类幼虫变态抑制剂，有望控制贝类养殖中藤壶的附着。本研究检测了松香基可溶性基质漆中添加 0.08-160ng/g 多穗柯因的浓度及其在海水中暴露相关的效应。将涂漆表面浸泡在海水中 0、2、4 或 12 周，然后使用基于藤壶幼虫（Ciona savignyi Herdman）的生物测定法筛选防污活性。死亡率更高（50%致死浓度的平均值为 5±2ng/g；75%致死浓度的平均值为 17±4ng/g），且幼虫发生变态的情况被抑制（50%抗变态浓度的平均值为 2±0.4ng/g；75%抗变态浓度的平均值为 15±10ng/g），多穗柯因包被可溶性基质漆的幼虫暴露于多穗柯因，与不含多穗柯因的对照漆相比。在测试前浸泡在海水中会使配方的功效降低近 12 倍，但即使浸泡 12 周，多穗柯因含量为 160ng/g 的涂漆仍能防止 ⩾90%的 C. savignyi 幼虫完成变态。该实验的结果为评估多穗柯因包被可溶性基质漆在水产养殖中的适用性提供了积极的第一步。
