Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Dahlem Center of Plant Sciences, Altensteinstrasse 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Ecology. 2013 Jun;94(6):1389-99. doi: 10.1890/12-1700.1.
Plant traits have been widely used to characterize different aspects of the ecology of plant species. Despite its wide distribution and its proven significance at the level of individuals, communities, and populations, the ability to form mycorrhizal associations has been largely neglected in these studies so far. Analyzing plant traits associated with the occurrence of mycorrhizas in plants can therefore enhance our understanding of plant strategies and distributions. Using a comparative approach, we tested for associations between mycorrhizal status and habitat characteristics, life history traits, and plant distribution patterns in 1752 species of the German flora (a major part of the Central European flora). Data were analyzed using log-linear models or generalized linear models, both accounting for phylogenetic relationships. Obligatorily mycorrhizal (OM) species tended to be positively associated with higher temperature, drier habitats, and higher pH; and negatively associated with moist, acidic, and fertile soils. Competitive species were more frequently OM, and stress tolerators were non-mycorrhizal (NM), while ruderal species did not show any preference. Facultatively mycorrhizal (FM) species showed the widest geographic and ecological amplitude. Indigenous species were more frequently FM and neophytes (recent aliens) more frequently OM than expected. FM species differed markedly from OM and NM species in almost all analyzed traits. Specifically, they showed a wider geographic distribution and ecological niche. Our study of the relationships between mycorrhizal status and other plant traits provides a comprehensive test of existing hypotheses and reveals novel patterns. The clear distinction between FM and OM + NM species in terms of their ecology opens up a new field of research in plant-mycorrhizal ecology.
植物特征被广泛用于描述植物物种生态的不同方面。尽管菌根共生的能力在个体、群落和种群水平上具有重要意义，但在这些研究中，这种能力在很大程度上被忽视了。因此，分析与植物中菌根共生发生相关的植物特征可以增强我们对植物策略和分布的理解。我们采用比较方法，在德国植物区系（中欧植物区系的主要组成部分）的 1752 种植物中，测试了菌根共生状态与栖息地特征、生活史特征和植物分布模式之间的关联。使用对数线性模型或广义线性模型进行数据分析，两者均考虑了系统发育关系。专性菌根（OM）物种往往与较高的温度、较干燥的栖息地和较高的 pH 值呈正相关，与潮湿、酸性和肥沃的土壤呈负相关。竞争物种更频繁地为 OM，而胁迫耐受者为非菌根（NM），而杂草物种则没有表现出任何偏好。兼性菌根（FM）物种表现出最广泛的地理和生态幅度。土著物种比预期更频繁地为 FM，而新种（最近的外来种）更频繁地为 OM。FM 物种与 OM 和 NM 物种在几乎所有分析的特征上都有明显的不同。具体而言，它们表现出更广泛的地理分布和生态位。我们对菌根共生状态与其他植物特征之间关系的研究为现有假说提供了全面的检验，并揭示了新的模式。FM 和 OM + NM 物种在生态学方面的明显区别为植物-菌根生态学开辟了一个新的研究领域。
