Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Av. Ntra. Sra. de la Victoria, S/N, 22700, Jaca, Spain.
Mycorrhiza. 2021 Mar;31(2):149-159. doi: 10.1007/s00572-020-01012-3. Epub 2021 Jan 21.
The influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on ecosystem processes depends on the mycorrhizal type and status of plants. Early research hypothesized that the proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) species decreases and of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) species increases along increasing elevations and latitudes. However, there is very scarce information about this pattern along elevation gradients. We aimed to test this hypothesis and to describe the trends in plant mycorrhizal status by examining the Pyrenean mountain range (from 400 to 3400 m asl). The distribution of plant mycorrhizal types: AM, ECM, ERM, and non-mycorrhizal (NM) and status (obligately, OM, or facultatively, FM mycorrhizal plants, FM) were identified based on the Pyrenean Floristic Atlas and analyzed for climatic and edaphic drivers. The proportion of AM plants decreased slightly with elevation, while ECM species peaked at 1000 m asl. The proportion of ERM and NM plant species rose with increasing elevation. The proportion of FM species increased, and OM species decreased with increasing elevation. The change of AM and ECM species, and OM and FM species, along the elevational gradient, corresponds broadly to changes along the latitudinal gradient, driven by a combination of climatic and edaphic factors. Differently, the elevational occurrence of NM plant species is mainly driven only by climatic factors (low temperature) and that of ERM species by only edaphic factors (low pH). Large-scale macroecological studies (≥ 50 km grid cell) well reflect the effects of climate on the distribution of plant mycorrhizal traits, but local data (≤ 1 km grid cell) are needed to understand the effects of soil conditions and land use.
菌根共生对生态系统过程的影响取决于菌根类型和植物的状态。早期的研究假设，随着海拔和纬度的升高，丛枝菌根（AM）物种的比例减少，外生菌根（ECM）和杜鹃花菌根（ERM）物种的比例增加。然而，关于这种模式沿海拔梯度的信息非常稀少。我们旨在通过检查比利牛斯山脉（海拔 400 至 3400 米）来检验这一假设，并通过检查比利牛斯山脉（海拔 400 至 3400 米）来描述植物菌根状态的趋势。基于比利牛斯植物区系图集，确定了植物菌根类型（AM、ECM、ERM 和非菌根（NM））和状态（专性 OM 或兼性 FM 菌根植物，FM）的分布，并分析了气候和土壤驱动因素。AM 植物的比例随着海拔的升高略有下降，而 ECM 物种在海拔 1000 米处达到峰值。ERM 和 NM 植物物种的比例随着海拔的升高而增加。FM 物种的比例增加，而 OM 物种随着海拔的升高而减少。随着海拔梯度的变化，AM 和 ECM 物种以及 OM 和 FM 物种的变化大致与纬度梯度的变化相对应，这是由气候和土壤因素的综合作用驱动的。不同的是，NM 植物物种的海拔出现主要仅受气候因素（低温）驱动，ERM 物种的海拔出现仅受土壤因素（低 pH 值）驱动。大规模的宏观生态研究（≥50 公里网格单元）很好地反映了气候对植物菌根特征分布的影响，但需要当地数据（≤1 公里网格单元）来了解土壤条件和土地利用的影响。
