Dinas Petros C, Koutedakis Yiannis, Ioannou Leonidas G, Metsios George, Kitas George D
FAME Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 May 12;10(5):769. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10050769.
Objective: We examined whether different intensities of exercise and/or physical activity (PA) levels affected and/or associated with vaccination efficacy. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230108). The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (trials), SportDiscus, and CINAHL databases were searched up to January 2022. Results: In total, 38 eligible studies were included. Chronic exercise increased influenza antibodies (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.49, confidence interval (CI) = 0.25−0.73, Z = 3.95, I2 = 90%, p < 0.01), which was mainly driven by aerobic exercise (SMD = 0.39, CI = 0.19−0.58, Z = 3.96, I2 = 77%, p < 0.01) as opposed to combined (aerobic + resistance; p = 0.07) or other exercise types (i.e., taiji and qigong, unspecified; p > 0.05). PA levels positively affected antibodies in response to influenza vaccination (SMD = 0.18, CI = 0.02−0.34, Z = 2.21, I2 = 76%, p = 0.03), which was mainly driven by high PA levels compared to moderate PA levels (Chi2 = 10.35, I2 = 90.3%, p < 0.01). Physically active individuals developed influenza antibodies in response to vaccination in >4 weeks (SMD = 0.64, CI = 0.30−0.98, Z = 3.72, I2 = 83%, p < 0.01) as opposed to <4 weeks (p > 0.05; Chi2 = 13.40, I2 = 92.5%, p < 0.01) post vaccination. Conclusion: Chronic aerobic exercise or high PA levels increased influenza antibodies in humans more than vaccinated individuals with no participation in exercise/PA. The evidence regarding the effects of exercise/PA levels on antibodies in response to vaccines other than influenza is extremely limited.
我们研究了不同强度的运动和/或身体活动（PA）水平是否会影响疫苗接种效果和/或与之相关。方法：进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，并在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO，注册号：CRD42021230108）进行了注册。检索了截至2022年1月的PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆（试验库）、SportDiscus和CINAHL数据库。结果：总共纳入了38项符合条件的研究。长期运动可增加流感抗体（标准化均数差（SMD）=0.49，置信区间（CI）=0.25−0.73，Z=3.95，I2=90%，p<0.01），这主要由有氧运动驱动（SMD=0.39，CI=0.19−0.58，Z=3.96，I2=77%，p<0.01），而不是联合运动（有氧运动+抗阻运动；p=0.07）或其他运动类型（即太极拳和气功，未明确说明；p>0.05）。PA水平对流感疫苗接种后的抗体有积极影响（SMD=0.18，CI=0.02−0.34，Z=2.21，I2=76%，p=0.03），这主要由高PA水平驱动，与中等PA水平相比（χ2=10.35，I2=90.3%，p<0.01）。与接种疫苗后<4周相比（p>0.05；χ2=13.40，I2=92.5%，p<0.01），有身体活动的个体在接种疫苗>4周后产生流感抗体（SMD=0.64，CI=0.30−0.98，Z=3.72，I2=83%，p<0.01）。结论：长期有氧运动或高PA水平比未参与运动/PA的接种疫苗个体更能增加人体的流感抗体。关于运动/PA水平对除流感疫苗外其他疫苗接种后抗体影响的证据极为有限。
